Collaborative Research: GCR: Growing a New Science of Landscape Terraformation: The Convergence of Rock, Fluids, and Life to form Complex Ecosystems Across Scales

合作研究：GCR：发展景观改造的新科学：岩石、流体和生命的融合形成跨尺度的复杂生态系统

• 批准号: 2121155
• 负责人: Scott Saleska
• 金额: $ 351.38万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-10-01 至 2026-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2121155&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; GCR; Growing; New

The U.S. and the world today face the increasingly urgent question of how to better understand and manage complex physical-biological systems in order to address pressing problems such as: restoration of degraded landscapes, sustainable management of ecosystem services, including water cycling and supply, ecosystem nutrition, biodiversity, carbon sequestration in the face of global change, and eventually, terraforming planets beyond earth. At the root of these problems is the fundamental question of landscape terraformation: how does life expand and sustain itself, in increasingly complex and symbiotic forms, across landscapes at multiple scales to transform bare rock into complex multi-function ecosystems? This Growing Convergence Research team of earth scientists (hydrologists, geochemists), biologists (evolutionary genomicists, ecosystem ecologists), and social scientists (anthropologists who study cultures of science) will leverage a unique and powerful “convergence instrument” -- University of Arizona’s Landscape Evolution Observatory, consisting of three large experimental hillslopes at Biosphere 2 -- to both reveal key mechanisms of landscape terraformation and catalyze new ways of interdisciplinary thinking to empower and diversify this next generation of scientists to achieve convergence research. The central investigation of this work is of how small scale hydrological, geochemical, ecological and evolutionary processes interact to create emergent landscape-scale terraformation, across three stages of biological complexity: from simple lithotrophic microbial communities (including microbial crusts), to non-vascular plants (mosses without roots), to vascular plants with roots and sophisticated hydraulic architectures. Experiments will test model representations of water flow through landscapes, its effects on the transformation of rock via weathering at different scales, and thence, feedbacks which modify those landscapes and their biological habitability. At the same time, the composition and function of organisms as they colonize barren landscapes and develop symbiotic associations (especially for N fixation) will be manipulated to select from biological diversity in genes, traits, and functions, in order to identify the biological feedbacks which simultaneously transform hydrological and geochemical processes. In the process, convergence research will be studied, understood, and reflected through a novel, social science-based “Cultures of Convergence Science” investigation of the entire team in an ethnographic inquiry designed to identify practices conducive to successful convergence research. This proposal is supported in part by theCritical Zone Collaborative Network program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

当今的美国和世界面临着一个越来越紧迫的问题，即如何更好地理解和管理复杂的物理生物学系统，以解决诸如以下问题：恢复降级景观，生态系统服务的可持续管理，包括水自行车和供应，生态系统营养，生物脱位，碳序列，碳序列，面对全球变化，以及最终的境地，以及最终的境地，碳序列，碳序列。这些问题的根源是景观地形形式的基本问题：在越来越复杂和共生的形式中，生活如何扩展和维持自身，跨越多个尺度的景观以将裸露的岩石转化为复杂的多功能生态系统？这个不断增长的地球科学家（水文学家，地球化学家），生物学家（进化基因组学家，生态系统生态学家）和社会科学家（研究科学文化的人类学家）将利用独特而强大的“融合工具” - 亚利桑那大学的陆地进化式综合综合综合综合综合的综合机制 - 地表和催化新的跨学科思维方式，以增强和多样化下一代科学家，以实现融合研究。这项工作的核心投资是如何在生物学复杂性的三个阶段之间进行小规模的水文，地球化学，生态和进化过程相互作用，以创造出紧急的景观尺度地形形式：从简单的岩性微生物群落（包括微生物CRAMP）（包括微生物CRAMP）（包括微生物）到无血管植物（摩擦）（摩尔型），以及与型号的构造和调味型。实验将测试水流流过景观的模型表示，其对岩石通过不同尺度风化的转化的影响，然后，反馈改变了这些景观及其生物学可居住性。同时，有机体将贫瘠的景观定居并发展共生关联时（尤其是对于n固定）的组成和功能将被操纵以从基因，性状和功能的生物多样性中进行选择，以识别仅转化水文和地球化学过程的生物反馈。在此过程中，通过基于社会科学的新颖，基于社会科学的“融合科学文化”调查整个团队的研究，融合研究将进行研究，理解和反思，该研究旨在识别成功融合研究的实践。该提案得到了关键区协作网络计划的部分支持。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准来评估，被认为是珍贵的支持。