Collaborative Research: Mastering the photonic lantern: The key to transformative diffraction-limited spectroscopy

合作研究：掌握光子灯笼：变革性衍射极限光谱学的关键

• 批准号: 2109232
• 负责人: Michael Fitzgerald
• 金额: $ 21.2万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2109232&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Mastering; photonic; lantern

This project aims to advance a key technology known as a “photonic lantern.” Photonic lanterns will allow for compact and stable spectrographs behind large telescopes. These spectrographs will deliver extremely precise measurements of various astronomical objects, most notably planets around other stars. The work to advance photonic lanterns will proceed in several key ways. First, to understand how to use lanterns to efficiently capture light from a large telescope. Second, to demonstrate that lanterns can sense the shape of light waves after they are affected by Earth’s atmosphere. This will enable correction for those shape errors and maximize the amount of light captured. Finally, to explore the potential of using a lantern for making images and measuring positions of astronomical objects. This work will also be directly applicable to telecommunications and free-space optical communications. Lanterns could play a key role in increasing the data volume and fidelity of data transfer with satellites. Operating at the diffraction-limit breaks traditional seeing-limited instrument scaling laws and allows a spectrograph to be the most compact for a given set of specifications. A compact instrument uses optics that are more likely to be manufacturable and of higher quality, is more robust to mechanical deflections, easier to thermally stabilize, and costs less. A Photonic Lantern (PL) allows conversion of a multi-mode fiber input to multiple single-mode fibers, thus enabling greater coupling at the input while maintaining the diffraction-limit into the spectrograph thus maintaining an ultra-stable spectral line-spread function (i.e. the shape does not vary with time or input illumination conditions). The project seeks to understand how to efficiently inject light into PLs from wavefronts partially corrected by adaptive optics. Further it will investigate if PLs can be used as focal-plane wavefront sensors, eliminating non-common path and chromatic errors, and boosting system efficiency Finally, the ability to use lanterns to do imaging and astrometry by separating the coherent and incoherent parts of the electric field will be investigated. The outcomes from this project could have immediate significant impact on existing and future spectrographs on large telescopes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目旨在推进一种称为“光子灯笼”的关键技术。光子灯笼将允许大型望远镜后面的紧凑型光谱仪。这些光谱仪将对各种天文对象（最著名的行星围绕其他恒星）提供极为精确的测量。推进光子灯笼的工作将以几种关键方式进行。首先，要了解如何使用灯笼从大型望远镜中捕获光线。其次，证明灯笼在受地球大气的影响后感觉到光波的形状。这将对这些形状误差进行校正，并最大程度地捕获捕获的光量。最后，探索使用灯笼制作图像和测量天文对象的位置的潜力。这项工作还将直接适用于电信和自由空间光学通信。灯笼在增加数据传输的数据量和使用卫星的保真度中起关键作用。在衍射限制中操作会破坏传统的观察仪表缩放定律，并使光谱仪对给定的一组规格最紧凑。紧凑型仪器使用的光学元件更可能是可以制造和更高质量的光学器件，更适合机械偏转，更易于热稳定并且成本更低。光子灯笼（PL）允许将多模式纤维输入转换为多个单模纤维，从而在输入处实现更大的耦合，同时将衍射限制量保持到光谱仪中，从而维持超稳定的光谱线条传播函数（即，形状不会随时间或输入的照明条件而变化）。该项目试图了解如何有效地从自适应光学校正的波前将光注射到PLS中。此外，它将调查PLS是否可以用作焦距 - 平面波侧传感器，消除非通号路径和色差误差，并提高系统效率，最后，将研究使用灯笼来进行成像和天文统计，通过分离电场的相干和不相互分的部分来进行成像和天文测量。该项目的结果可能会立即对大型望远镜的现有和未来的光谱仪产生重大影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并且使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的审查标准，被认为值得通过评估来获得支持。

项目成果

Design considerations of photonic lanterns for diffraction-limited spectrometry

用于衍射极限光谱测量的光子灯的设计考虑

• DOI: 10.1364/josab.423664
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of the Optical Society of America B
• 作者: Lin, Jonathan;Jovanovic, Nemanja;Fitzgerald, Michael P.
• 通讯作者: Fitzgerald, Michael P.

Focal-plane wavefront sensing with photonic lanterns: theoretical framework

使用光子灯的焦平面波前传感：理论框架

• DOI: 10.1364/josab.466227
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of the Optical Society of America B
• 作者: Lin, Jonathan;Fitzgerald, Michael P.;Xin, Yinzi;Guyon, Olivier;Leon-Saval, Sergio;Norris, Barnaby;Jovanovic, Nemanja
• 通讯作者: Jovanovic, Nemanja

Efficient Detection and Characterization of Exoplanets within the Diffraction Limit: Nulling with a Mode-selective Photonic Lantern

在衍射极限内有效检测和表征系外行星：使用模式选择性光子灯笼进行归零

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac9284
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Xin, Yinzi;Jovanovic, Nemanja;Ruane, Garreth;Mawet, Dimitri;Fitzgerald, Michael P.;Echeverri, Daniel;Lin, Jonathan;Leon-Saval, Sergio;Gatkine, Pradip;Kim, Yoo Jung
• 通讯作者: Kim, Yoo Jung

Focal-plane wavefront sensing with photonic lanterns II: numerical characterization and optimization

• DOI: 10.1364/josab.502962
• 发表时间: 2023-10
• 期刊: Journal of the Optical Society of America B
• 作者: Jonathan Lin;Michael P. Fitzgerald;Yinzi Xin;Yoo Jung Kim;O. Guyon;Sergio Leon-Saval;B. Norris;N. Jovanovic