Collaborative Research: P2C2--MADagascar Caves And Paleoclimate II (MADCAP II), Continuing Study of Climate Variability in the Southern Hemisphere of the Western Indian Ocean

合作研究：P2C2--MA达加斯加洞穴和古气候II (MADCAP II)，西印度洋南半球气候变化的持续研究

• 批准号: 2102923
• 负责人: Stephen Burns
• 金额: $ 44.15万
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts Amherst
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-15 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2102923&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; P2C2; MADagascar; Caves

The research team aims to build upon previous research using speleothems from caves in northwest and southwest Madagascar to reconstruct Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate from a Southern Hemisphere tropical site and to examine the role of climate in the ongoing alteration of the island’s ecosystems. Using previously collected samples, the researchers plan to construct high-resolution (decadal) multiproxy climate records from the Last Glacial Maximum (26,000 years ago) to the present from high-resolution (near annual resolution) analyses for periods of particular climatic interest (e.g., the 4.2 ka event, Younger Dryas). The researchers will extract organic matter from the speleothems across an interval of marked change in speleothem delta Carbon-13 and measure biomarker concentrations and the same to test a newly developed “subsistence shift hypothesis” for the disappearance of Madagascar’s megafauna. Speleothem fluid inclusion water isotopes, combined with carbonate Oxygen isotopes, will be examined as a tool to estimate paleotemperatures over the past 117,000 years for southwest Madagascar and the past 26,000 years for northwest Madagascar.The goal of the project is to produce long, high resolution records of climate from the Southern Hemisphere tropics. These data will aid in understanding the influences of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) migration, western Indian Ocean sea-surface temperature (SST), and regional precipitation. In particular the project will investigate whether the Indian Ocean Monsoon in the Northern versus Southern Hemispheres vary in or out of phase at various timescales and test current hypotheses on tropical rainfall variation.The potential Broader Impacts include the integration of science across the fields of paleoclimatology, anthropology, and biology to provide background climate data needed for interpreting the impact of climate on a variety of fossil communities of the past. The research team will produce educational materials and exhibits prepared for a general audience to heighten public awareness of Tsimanampesotse National Park’s natural history, biodiversity, and extinction events. The project will help develop a better understanding of the causes of decadal-scale climate variability which can aid in forecasting possible changes in rainfall in a country that experiences severe drought and flooding on inter-annual time scales and relies on subsistence farming for survival.This project includes supporting an early career female post-doctoral scholar in the United States and collaboration with Malagasy scientists and students as well.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该研究小组的目标是在先前研究的基础上，利用马达加斯加西北部和西南部洞穴的洞穴化石重建南半球热带地区的晚更新世和全新世气候，并利用先前收集的数据研究气候在该岛生态系统持续变化中的作用。样本，研究人员计划构建从末次盛冰期（26,000年前）至今的高分辨率（十年）多代理气候记录（接近年度分辨率）对特定气候感兴趣的时期（例如，4.2 ka事件，新仙女木期）进行分析，研究人员将在洞穴生物δ Carbon-13发生显着变化的时间段内从洞穴生物中提取有机物质，并测量生物标志物浓度和浓度。同样，结合碳酸盐，测试了新开发的关于马达加斯加巨型动物群消失的“生存转移假说”。氧同位素将作为一种工具来评估马达加斯加西南部过去 117,000 年和马达加斯加西北部过去 26,000 年的古气温。该项目的目标是产生南半球热带地区长期、高分辨率的气候记录。这些数据将有助于了解热带辐合带（ITCZ）迁移、西印度洋海面温度的影响特别是，该项目将调查北半球和南半球的印度洋季风在不同时间尺度上是否同相或异相变化，并测试当前关于热带降雨变化的假设。潜在的更广泛影响包括整合。研究小组将跨古气候学、人类学和生物学领域的科学知识提供解释气候对过去各种化石群落的影响所需的背景气候数据，以供普通观众加深了解。公众对齐马南佩索国家公园的自然历史、生物多样性和灭绝事件的认识该项目将有助于更好地了解十年间气候变化的原因，从而有助于预测一个遭受严重干旱和洪水的国家可能出现的降雨量变化。在年际时间尺度上，并依赖自给农业生存。该项目包括支持美国的一名早期职业女性博士后学者以及与马达加斯加科学家和学生的合作。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命和通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，该项目被认为值得支持。