Collaborative Research: Floodplain Management in the United States: Where, Why, and How Policies Have Shaped Flood Exposure Outcomes

合作研究：美国的洪泛区管理：政策在何处、为何以及如何影响洪水暴露结果

• 批准号: 2034308
• 负责人: Katharine Mach
• 金额: $ 22万
• 依托单位: University of Miami
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2034308&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Floodplain; Management; United

Nearly 41 million Americans are at risk of flooding, and new homes continue to be built in flood-prone areas across the country. Federal, state, and local governments can use a range of policies and programs to limit or reduce construction in floodplains and promote development in safer areas. This award supports research to explore why some communities have been able to use these tools to grow without building in floodplains and why others have not. The researchers develop an index to identify communities who have successfully limited flood-prone development, and use case studies to explore the contexts, actions, and policies that enable towns to successfully limit flood exposure. As climate change leads to more intense storms and higher sea levels, effectively managing development in floodplains is increasingly critical to the health, prosperity, and well-being of communities across the United States. The research will enhance efforts by researchers, policymakers, and the public to build vibrant communities while limiting damage from climate extremes. The project supports collaboration and learning across flood management contexts, as well as the training of a diverse, inclusive next generation of climate adaptation researchers and practitioners.This project has three components. The first step is to measure floodplain development in municipalities across the United States, filling a critical data gap. Using real estate datasets, property buyout locations, and remotely sensed land use information, the net change in housing units and the increase in impervious surface from 2001 to 2016 are tabulated in relation to the regulatory 100-year floodplain. Raw measurements are then converted into development indices by scaling based on the municipality’s exposure to flood risk and total development. By creating standardized measures of floodplain development, this step enables strategic case selection and investigation of communities across a range of floodplain development outcomes, which is not currently possible. Second, patterns in floodplain development outcomes are analyzed using geographic, social, and economic factors. Third, the project will explain why communities differ in floodplain development outcomes using comparative case studies. Specifically, this component examines how the adoption, purpose, and implementation of legal and regulatory tools to avoid or retreat from floodplains shape floodplain development outcomes. Municipalities are selected in pairs: those that have limited floodplain development, and those that have not. Interviews and document analysis are used to assess what legal and regulatory tools were adopted, for what purpose, and how they were implemented, considering both tool design and enforcement. By first creating a way to measure development outcomes, this project provides a unique level of insight into both patterns in floodplain development and how and why legal and regulatory policies influence these outcomes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

近 4100 万美国人面临洪水风险，全国各地的洪水易发地区继续修建新住宅，联邦、州和地方政府可以采取一系列政策和计划来限制或减少洪泛区的建设并促进建设。该奖项支持研究探索为什么一些社区能够使用这些工具在没有洪泛区的情况下发展，而其他社区却不能。研究人员开发了一个指数来识别那些成功限制了洪水易发地区的社区。并使用案例研究来探索使城镇能够成功限制洪水风险的背景、行动和政策 随着气候变化导致更强烈的风暴和更高的海平面，有效管理洪泛区的开发对于整个社区的健康、繁荣和福祉越来越重要。该研究将加强研究人员、政策制定者和公众的努力，以建设充满活力的社区，同时限制极端气候造成的损害。该项目支持跨洪水管理环境的合作和学习，以及对多元化、包容性的下一代的培训。气候适应研究人员和实践者。该项目有三个第一步是测量美国各地城市的洪泛区开发情况，利用房地产数据集、房产收购地点和遥感土地使用信息、住房单元的净变化和不透水性的增加。 2001 年至 2016 年的地表数据与监管的 100 年漫滩相关，然后根据该市面临的洪水风险和总体开发情况进行缩放，将原始测量值转换为开发指数。开发，此步骤可以对一系列洪泛区发展成果进行社区的战略选择和调查，而这在目前是不可能的。其次，利用地理、社会和经济因素分析洪泛区发展成果的模式。第三，该项目将解释。具体来说，本部分研究了如何采用、目的和实施法律和监管工具来避免或撤出洪泛区，以形成洪泛区发展结果。有限的洪泛区开发，以及那些已经访谈和文件分析用于评估采用了哪些法律和监管工具、目的以及如何实施，同时考虑工具设计和执行，该项目提供了一种独特的方法。对洪泛区开发的两种模式以及法律和监管政策如何以及为何影响这些结果的深入了解。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

From flood control to flood adaptation: Managing changing risks and promoting just well-being

从防洪到洪水适应：管理不断变化的风险并促进福祉

• 发表时间: 2022-01
• 期刊: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science
• 作者: K. Mach; M. Hino
• 通讯作者: M. Hino

The administrator’s dilemma: Closing the gap between climate adaptation justice in theory and practice

管理者的困境：缩小气候适应正义理论与实践之间的差距

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2022.08.022
• 发表时间: 2022-11
• 期刊: Environmental Science & Policy
• 影响因子: 6
• 作者: Siders; A.R.
• 通讯作者: A.R.

Growing Safely or Building Risk?: Floodplain Management in North Carolina

安全增长还是增加风险？：北卡罗来纳州的洪泛区管理

• DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2022.2141821
• 发表时间: 2023-01
• 期刊: Journal of the American Planning Association
• 影响因子: 5.6
• 作者: Hino, Miyuki;BenDor, Todd K.;Branham, Jordan;Kaza, Nikhil;Sebastian, Antonia;Sweeney, Shane
• 通讯作者: Sweeney, Shane