Collaborative Research: Timescales and drivers of floodplain disequilibrium at climatic transitions

合作研究：气候转变时洪泛区不平衡的时间尺度和驱动因素

• 批准号: 2335893
• 负责人: Michelle Fame
• 金额: $ 24.63万
• 依托单位: Amherst College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2335893&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Timescales; drivers; floodplain

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).Rivers and floodplains significantly influence the landscapes and environments through which they pass. These systems exhibit a range of forms and characteristics (morphologies) controlled by a balance between the availability of unconsolidated rock (sediment) and the river’s capacity to transport that sediment. As climate exerts a major control on these variables, floodplain morphologies are expected to undergo major changes as Earth’s climate warms. Under a warming climate, sediment supply often declines relative to transport capacity and narrowing floodplains are characterized by vertical cutting through older deposits creating stair-stepped landscape features called river terraces. The goal of this study is to deepen our understanding of how floodplains have responded to different magnitudes and timescales of climatic changes in the past to enhance our ability to predict the extent to which they will change in the future. This goal will be achieved by determining the timing of river terrace formation and comparing it to known climate shifts throughout Earth’s recent geological past. The project also supports a summer workshop on landscape evolution for middle school girls from historically underrepresented groups, the development of an accessible undergraduate virtual field project on terrace formation, and the facilitation of a community field workshop to share project results.Specific research questions include: (1) What duration and intensity of climatic change is required to drive significant changes to floodplain morphology? (2) How long does it take for floodplains to establish new, stable morphologies after significant climate-driven changes? (3) To what extent do non-climatic mechanisms counter or enhance climatic controls on floodplain processes? These questions will be addressed by resolving the timing of ~14,000 years of floodplain aggradation and degradation preserved in river terraces in eastern Scotland and comparing them against the timing of major and minor climatic transitions and glaciations. Eastern Scotland is an ideal location to undertake this work because it is tectonically inactive, has an excellent climate chronology, has undergone both continental ice sheet and alpine glaciation, and contains river terrace successions. The terrace chronology will be developed using radiocarbon, optically stimulated luminescence, and cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating. A comparison of the timing and duration of river morphology changes between field sites with the same climatic and glacial history, but with different catchment properties, will be undertaken to determine how non-climatic variables influence aggradation and degradation cycles. The research will also address the role of prior glacial erosion on influencing floodplain morphology and modern sediment routing.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项的全部或部分资金来源于《2021 年美国救援计划法案》（公法 117-2）。河流和洪泛区对其所经过的景观和环境产生了重大影响。这些系统表现出一系列的形式和特征（形态）。 ）由松散岩石（沉积物）的可用性和河流输送沉积物的能力之间的平衡控制。由于气候对这些变量起着主要控制作用，预计洪泛区的形态将发生重大变化。随着地球气候变暖，沉积物供应量通常会相对于运输能力下降，而洪泛区的特点是垂直切割较旧的沉积物，形成称为河流阶地的阶梯状景观特征。洪泛区过去如何应对不同程度和时间尺度的气候变化，以提高我们预测未来变化程度的能力，这一目标将通过确定河流阶地形成的时间并将其与已知的进行比较来实现。该项目还支持为来自历史上代表性不足的群体的中学生举办关于景观演变的夏季研讨会，开发一个关于梯田形成的易于理解的本科虚拟实地项目，并促进社区实地研讨会的分享。具体的研究问题包括：（1）气候变化需要多长时间和强度才能驱动洪泛区形态发生重大变化？（2）在气候驱动的重大变化之后，洪泛区需要多长时间才能建立新的、稳定的形态？ ？ (3) 非气候机制在多大程度上对抗或加强气候对洪泛区过程的控制？这些问题将通过解决苏格兰东部河流阶地中保存的约 14,000 年洪泛区扩张和退化的时间并与它们进行比较来解决。主要和次要气候转变和冰川作用的时间安排 苏格兰东部是开展这项工作的理想地点，因为它的构造不活跃，具有良好的气候年代学，经历了大陆冰盖和冰川作用。高山冰川作用，并包含河流阶地演替，将使用放射性碳、光激发光和宇宙成因核素暴露测年法来开发具有相同气候和冰川历史的实地地点之间河流形态变化的时间和持续时间。但针对不同的流域特性，将确定非气候变量如何影响侵蚀和退化循环。该研究还将解决先前冰川侵蚀对影响洪泛区形态和现代沉积物的作用。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。