Identifying and Reducing Gender Bias in STEM: Systematically Synthesizing the Experimental Evidence

识别和减少 STEM 中的性别偏见：系统地综合实验证据

• 批准号: 2055422
• 负责人: David Miller
• 金额: $ 106.74万
• 依托单位: American Institutes for Research in the Behavioral Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-10-01 至 2025-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2055422&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Identifying; Reducing; Gender; Bias; STEM

This project will integrate high-quality experimental evidence on the existence of, and strategies to reduce, gender bias in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, including how gender bias may intersect with other identities such as race and ethnicity. Biases favoring men could thwart women’s training and careers in STEM fields in many ways, but research also suggests promising interventions for changing biased cultures and structures. This project will synthesize four decades of research to understand the postsecondary and workforce contexts in which bias against women in STEM remains especially pernicious and the interventions that can most effectively reduce such biases. The results will inform scholarly debates such as whether biases against women in STEM have reduced over time, persist in nearly all training and career contexts, or vary in more nuanced ways across contexts and STEM fields. The work ultimately aims to help organizations (a) disrupt the culture of peer and mentor discrimination that could directly block women’s entry into STEM fields and (b) mitigate the accumulated experiences of discrimination and exclusion that could drive women out of STEM. Dissemination of project findings will especially focus on actionable insights for higher education institutions, such as bias reduction strategies that male and female STEM faculty can adopt in their teaching, mentoring, and service activities. This project is funded by the EHR Core Research (ECR) program, which supports work that advances fundamental research on STEM learning and learning environments, broadening participation in STEM, and STEM workforce development.The synthesis will include two sets of studies: (a) studies testing for the existence of gender bias in STEM fields (bias identification studies) and (b) studies evaluating interventions to reduce such biases (bias reduction studies). For both, the synthesis will focus on randomized experimental designs, such as changing the name on a résumé from John to Jennifer (bias identification study) or assigning some individuals to receive diversity training or not (bias reduction study). Focusing on experimental designs maximizes the rigor of the evidence to be synthesized because they help rule out potential confounds when testing for bias and evaluating intervention efficacy. All STEM fields will be eligible for review, spanning undergraduate education to the academic and nonacademic workforce, to provide a robust and thorough understanding of where gender biases exist and how interventions can reduce them. Contrasting with traditional literature reviews, the team will use rigorous systematic review and meta-analysis methods to improve transparency of the review process, reduce reviewer bias, and ensure the project’s findings are robust and comprehensive of existing high-quality evidence. Statistical analyses will focus on understanding how specific contextual features (e.g., formal accountability, disciplinary field, intervention design) can explain mixed findings on identifying and reducing gender bias in STEM. This knowledge can help universities, companies, and other organizations pinpoint where targeted intervention is most needed and which strategies will be most effective for mitigating bias.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目将整合有关降低科学，技术，工程和数学（STEM）领域的性别偏见的存在和策略的高质量实验证据，包括性别偏见如何与种族和种族等其他身份相交。有利于男性的偏见可以在许多方面挫败妇女在STEM领域的培训和职业，但研究还提出了有希望的干预措施，以改变偏见的文化和结构。项目将综合四十年的研究，以了解上学后和劳动力的环境，在这种情况下，针对STEM中女性的偏见仍然特别有害，并且可以最有效地减少此类偏见的干预措施。结果将为分类的辩论提供信息，例如随着时间的流逝，对STEM中对女性的偏见是否会减少，几乎在所有培训和职业环境中持续存在，或者在各种环境和STEM领域的细微差别方面有所不同。旨在帮助组织（a）破坏可以直接阻止妇女进入STEM领域的同伴和精神歧视文化的文化，以及（b）减轻歧视和排斥的累积经历，可能会使妇女脱离STEM。将项目发现的传播尤其集中在高等教育机构的可行见解上，例如男性和女性STEM教师在其教学，心理和服务活动中可以采用的减少偏见策略。 This project is funded by the EHR Core Research (ECR) program, which supports work that advances fundamental research on STEM learning and learning environments, broadening participation in STEM, and STEM workforce development.The synthesis will include two sets of studies: (a) studies testing for the existence of gender bias in STEM fields (bias identification studies) and (b) studies evaluating interventions to reduce such biases (bias reduction studies).这两者都将集中在随机实验设计上，例如将简历上的名称从约翰更改为詹妮弗（偏见识别研究）或指派某些人接受多样性培训（降低偏见研究）。专注于实验设计可以最大化要合成的证据的严格性，因为它们有助于排除测试偏见和评估干预效率时的潜在混淆。所有STEM领域都有资格进行审查，涵盖学术和非学术劳动力的本科教育，以提供对性别偏见的存在以及干预措施如何减少它们的强大而透彻的理解。与传统的文献综述形成鲜明对比的是，该团队将使用严格的系统审查和荟萃分析方法来提高审查过程的透明度，减少审查者偏见，并确保项目的发现良好且对现有高质量证据的全面性。统计分析将集中于了解特定的上下文特征（例如，正式的问责制，纪律领域，干预设计）如何解释有关识别和减少STEM中性别偏见的混合发现。这些知识可以帮助大学，公司和其他组织确定最需要有针对性干预的地方，哪些策略最有效地减轻了BIA。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并认为值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的审查标准通过评估来进行评估。