Collaborative Research: RAPID--Multi-Scale Investigation into the Storm Processes of the 10 August 2020 Midwest Derecho

合作研究：RAPID——对 2020 年 8 月 10 日中西部 Derecho 风暴过程的多尺度调查

• 批准号: 2054688
• 负责人: Richard Wood
• 金额: $ 2.35万
• 依托单位: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-11-01 至 2022-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2054688&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; RAPID; Multi; Scale

On 10 August 2020, a particularly intense derecho produced widespread high-wind damage from eastern Nebraska through northern Indiana, resulting in 3.8 billion USD in estimated agricultural losses in Iowa. Derechos, or long-lived windstorms produced by mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), remain an important atmospheric phenomenon to understand because they produce large-scale wind damage areas, varying from 20 – 200 km in width to hundreds of kilometers long. This award will allow a multidisciplinary scientific team (i.e., atmospheric scientists, remote sensing experts, wind and structural engineers) to perform high-resolution numerical simulations and detailed damage surveys across multiple spatial scales to investigate storm processes in derechos. Relating detailed documentation of high-wind damage with storm processes can provide vital information on extreme wind production in derechos and storm damage potential, leading to improved understanding of severe-storm processes, radar interpretation, and risk communication associated with warnings to the general public.Storm characteristics and near-surface wind flow of 10 August 2020 derecho will be investigated through 1) high-resolution simulations of the event using a state-of-the-art numerical modeling system as a proxy for the real event, and 2) detailed comparisons of radar signatures to damage information provided by 2D and 3D analyses of unpiloted aerial systems (UAS) data, satellite imagery, and ground truth surveys. Simulations that best depict the evolution of the derecho will be analyzed to explore the mechanisms responsible for the unique physical characteristics of this event that were responsible for the extreme wind production. The large-scale character of the damaging winds over vegetation and crops susceptible to long-term damage and passage of the derecho’s core close to Des Moines and Davenport National Weather Service radars in Iowa provide a unique opportunity to better connect damage information to velocity structures sampled by radar. The detailed analysis of wind damage produced in this study will provide an unprecedented validation dataset for the high-resolution numerical simulations. This unusually comprehensive dataset will be used to understand the physical processes responsible for extreme wind damage. Additionally, detailed damage documentation can also be used to calibrate satellite-based assessments in future high-wind events and could enable the development of additional damage descriptors based to vegetation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

2020年8月10日，一个特别激烈的德会从内布拉斯加州东部到印第安纳州北部产生了广泛的高风向损害，在爱荷华州估计的农业损失造成了38亿美元。在中尺度对流系统（MCS）产生的DERECHOS或长寿命的风暴仍然是一种重要的大气现象，因为它们会产生大规模的风损伤区域，宽度从20到200公里不等到数百公里。该奖项将允许多学科科学团队（即大气科学家，遥感专家，风和结构工程师）进行高分辨率的数值模拟和跨多个空间量表的详细损害调查，以研究Derechos中的风暴过程。将高风损伤与风暴过程相关联的详细文档可以提供有关DECHOS和风暴损害潜力极端风产量的重要信息，从而改善对严重态度的过程，雷达解释，与公众的警告相关的严重态度流程，雷达的解释以及风险交流。对公众的警告以及2020年8月10日的近距离风流，将通过1）进行了模型，该系统将在1月10日进行，以实现1），这是一定的模型，该模型是由1）进行了模型。真实事件以及2）对雷达签名的详细比较与2D和3D分析的损坏信息（UAS）数据，卫星图像和地面真相调查提供的损坏信息。将分析最能描述DERECHO演变的模拟，以探索负责该事件的独特物理特征的机制，这些机制是导致极风生产的。在植被和农作物中，有害风的大规模特征易受了长期损坏，并通过靠近得梅因的核心和爱荷华州的达文波特国家气候服务雷达，这为更好的机会提供了一个独特的机会，可以更好地将损害信息与雷达采样的速度结构联系起来。对本研究产生的风损伤的详细分析将为高分辨率数值模拟提供前所未有的验证数据集。这个异常全面的数据集将用于了解导致极度风能损害的物理过程。此外，详细的损害文档还可以用于在未来的高风力事件中校准基于卫星的评估，并可以使基于植被的额外损害描述源开发。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来通过评估来获得的支持。