Collaborative Research: IODP-enabled Insights into Fungi and Their Metabolic Interactions with Other Microorganisms in Deep Subsurface Hydrothermal Sediments

合作研究：借助 IODP 深入了解深层地下热液沉积物中的真菌及其与其他微生物的代谢相互作用

• 批准号: 2048489
• 负责人: Andreas Teske
• 金额: $ 3.86万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-01-15 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2048489&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; IODP; enabled; Insights

The marine subsurface is one of the least explored habitats on Earth. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 385 drilled into the seafloor in Guaymas Basin, Mexico, and was the first to drill directly into subsurface sediments and sediment-hosted basalt sill intrusions of an active hydrothermal basin. This expedition provides a direct microbiological window into a deep hydrothermal biosphere across an active plate spreading center where complex hydrocarbons are generated by heating of buried organic matter under high temperature and pressure. Mounting evidence suggests that Fungi constitute an active and ecologically important fraction of the subsurface biosphere community. This is especially true in organic-rich continental margin sediments that are ideal for colonization by aerobic and anaerobic Fungi, where fungal activities may contribute significantly to nutrient cycling. Major knowledge gaps in our knowledge of subsurface microbiota preclude our ability to estimate their full impact: how active Fungi are distributed along temperature and depth gradients, the range of substrates utilized by active cells, and how Fungi may cooperate with bacteria in degradation of complex organic matter, including hydrocarbons. Fungi are known to participate in degradation of refractory organics and cycling of metals and to produce novel metabolites with interesting properties. This project informs us on origins of different lineages of microbial life on Earth, the extent of marine subsurface carbon cycling, limits of life, how life adapts to environmental change, and the potential for Fungi to accelerate the biodegradation of complex hydrocarbons. Given the extent of the potential subsurface biosphere, Fungi likely play an important role in global nutrient cycling. The culture collection of fungal isolates created by this project will be available for exploration of their ecology and novel properties by other interested researchers, and may also yield insights into basal fungal lineages. These biogeochemical and potential evolutionary outcomes are of great interest to other research disciplines, educators, and students alike. The project’s K-16 education program capitalizes on programs aimed at increasing involvement of under-represented undergraduate populations in research. High school students, undergraduates, a graduate student, and postdoc are involved in the research. An art-in-science project with a local high school is being displayed at the community library along with education materials on marine Fungi and their ecological roles. This project examines how abundance, diversity and distribution of Fungi and co-inhabiting bacteria and archaea changes in subsurface sediment samples exhibiting a wide range of in situ temperatures and pressure, what the active fraction of cells is along these gradients, and whether/how Fungi impact carbon cycling in this biosphere by interacting metabolically with bacteria to break down hydrocarbon substrates. The project is assessing the activities of in situ microorganisms in this active hydrothermal subsurface biosphere using a cutting-edge combination of molecular approaches and culture-based studies of enrichments and microbial isolates applied to an extensive collection of samples from 8 sites in Guaymas Basin varying in temperature profile, presence of old, buried magmatic sills, and geochemical conditions. The investigators are examining 1) marker genes and metagenomes of sorted active cells using new bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) approaches, 2) the distribution of bacterial, archaeal, and fungal cells and their marker genes along depth and geochemical gradients using microscopy, ‘meta-omics’ and lipid biomarker analyses, 3) substrate usage by fungal isolates, 4) metabolite pools, nutrients, and hydrocarbons with depth, and 5) fungal metabolism of complex organics (and syntrophies between Fungi and Bacteria) using time-course stable isotope probing of RNA from culture-based studies coupled with analyses of expressed genes and pools of metabolites.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

海洋地下是地球上探索最少的栖息地之一。国际海洋发现计划（IODP）探险队385钻入墨西哥瓜伊斯盆地的海底，是第一个直接钻入地下沉积物和沉积物托管的玄武岩凹槽入侵的人。这次探险提供了一个直接的微生物窗口，进入了一个深水生物圈，跨过一个活跃的板扩散中心，在高温和压力下加热埋入的有机物，从而产生了复杂的碳氢化合物。越来越多的证据表明，真菌构成了地下生物圈社区的积极和生态上重要的一部分。在有机和厌氧菌真菌定植的理想的有机连续沉积物中尤其如此，在该沉积物中，真菌活动可能对营养循环产生重大贡献。我们对地下微生物群知识的主要知识差距排除了我们估计其全部影响的能力：活性真菌如何沿温度和深度梯度分布，而活性细胞使用的底物范围以及真菌如何与细菌在包括碳氢化合物在内的复杂有机物的降解中与细菌协调。众所周知，真菌会参与难治组织的降解和金属骑自行车，并产生具有有趣特性的新型代谢物。该项目向我们提供了有关地球上微生物生命的不同谱系的起源，海洋地下碳循环的程度，生命的限制，生命如何适应环境变化以及真菌的潜力加速了复杂的碳氢化合物的生物降解。考虑到潜在地下生物圈的程度，真菌可能在全球营养循环中起重要作用。该项目创建的真菌分离株的培养物收集将可供其他有趣的研究人员探索其生态学和新颖性能，还可以产生对基本真菌谱系的见解。这些生物地球化学和潜在的进化结果对其他研究学科，教育者和学生都引起了极大的兴趣。该项目的K-16教育计划利用旨在增加代表性不足的本科生参与研究的计划。高中生，大学生，研究生和博士后参与了研究。一个与当地高中的艺术水平项目一起在社区图书馆展出，以及有关海洋真菌及其生态角色的教育材料。该项目检查真菌和共同居住的细菌和古细菌的抽象，多样性和分布如何在地下沉积物样品中显示出广泛的原位温度和压力，以及这些梯度的活性分数是什么，以及是否/是否/是否与该生物圈相互作用的真菌在这种生物圈中与Bacteria相互作用。该项目正在使用分子方法和基于培养物的富集和微生物分离株研究的尖端组合来评估这种活跃的热液地下生物圈中原位微生物的活性，该研究适用于从瓜伊马斯盆地中的8个地点收集的大量样品，在温度概况中不同，在旧温度概况中，质量，岩浆sils和地球的质量。研究人员正在检查1）使用新的生物正交非氨基酸标记（Boncat）方法的标记基因和宏基因组的标记基因和宏基因组，2）使用显微镜，Meta-Omics，lipical'和Geochemical Istranomark和Geochemical Istranomark和GeoChematient，``元素''元基因和质量分析的细菌，古细胞和真菌细胞及其标记物的分布分离株，4）具有深度的代谢物池，营养和碳氢化合物，以及5）使用时间顺序的稳定的RNA对复杂组织的真菌代谢（以及真菌和细菌之间的综合症）（以及来自培养的同位素探测基于培养的同位素的同位素探测基于培养的同位素研究使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响评估标准进行评估。

项目成果

Microbial gene expression in Guaymas Basin subsurface sediments responds to hydrothermal stress and energy limitation

• DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01492-z
• 发表时间: 2023-09-01
• 期刊: ISME JOURNAL
• 影响因子: 11
• 作者: Mara, Paraskevi;Zhou, Ying-Li;Edgcomb, Virginia
• 通讯作者: Edgcomb, Virginia