Microbial carbon and sulfur cycling in the hydrothermally altered sediments of Guaymas Basin

瓜伊马斯盆地热液蚀变沉积物中的微生物碳和硫循环

• 批准号: 0647633
• 负责人: Andreas Teske
• 金额: $ 69.65万
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-06-01 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0647633&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Microbial; carbon; sulfur; cycling; hydrothermally

While microbial communities in marine sediments are generally sustained by sedimentation of organic matter from the water column, the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments provide a model system for the microbial utilization and transformation of thermally released microbial substrates from deeply buried marine organic matter. As a working hypothesis, the physiologically distinct, layered microbial communities force the geothermally produced substrates through a double "microbial gauntlet" of anaerobic metabolism and autotrophic carbon fixation, where terminal anaerobic degradation of organic matter is performed by methanogenic and methane-oxidizing archaea, by sulfate-reducing bacteria and archaea, and potentially by novel subsurface archaeal populations within the upper sediments, while inorganic and organic remineralization products are assimilated by sulfur-oxidizing Beggiatoa mats at the sediment surface. This project will provide a quantitative understanding of how the dense and highly active benthic microbial populations of the Guaymas system utilize and recycle organic and inorganic carbon and sulfur of subsurface origin, how geochemical controls affect the community structure, and how uncultured, globally occurring subsurface archaea and bacteria thrive in their sediment habitat. To analyze the complex interplay of thermogenic and biogenic carbon sources and sinks, and the role of uncultured microbial populations in these processes, geochemical and molecular-biological approaches will be undertaken. The microbial community composition and activity patterns will be analyzed quantitatively. Carbon substrate profiles and microbial process rates (sulfate reduction, methanogenesis, methane oxidation) across hydrothermally active sediment sites will be measured and correlated to variations in microbial populations. The Guaymas Basin vents can serve as a model system for key linkages of the microbial and geological carbon and sulfur cycles, and shed new light on the roles of microorganisms as chemical catalysts of the marine environment and the marine subsurface. To tap into the great potential of Guaymas for teaching of biological-geological linkages in marine science, this project has initiated outreach projects with the Biodiversity Education and Public Outreach (BEPO) team and its Micros*cope resource at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, which also targets science educators and schools of non-english speaking minority communities. In addition, the Guaymas project will enhance undergraduate and graduate teaching, and provide hands-on research opportunities for graduate and undergraduate students.

尽管水柱中的有机物沉积通常可以维持海洋沉积物中的微生物群落，但瓜伊马斯盆地热液沉积物为从深埋海洋有机物的热释放的微生物底物的微生物利用和转化提供了模型系统。 作为一种有效的假设，生理上不同的分层微生物群落迫使地热产生的厌氧代谢和自养碳固定的双重“微生物手套”通过甲烷和氧化氧化的Archaine and-sulea-sul-sul-sul-sul-sul-sul-sul-sul-sul-sul-sul-sul-sul-sul-sul-suliagin and氧化氧化剂，并通过双重的“微生物手套”，在其中，抗氧化和氧化量降解。在上层沉积物中的新型地下古细菌种群中，而无机和有机的回忆产物是通过沉积物表面的硫氧化乞giggatiatoa垫所吸收的。 该项目将对瓜耶斯系统的致密和高度活跃的底栖微生物种群进行定量理解，如何利用和回收有机和无机碳和地下起源的无机碳以及硫，地球化学控制如何影响社区结构，以及在其泥潭中繁华的，全球性的地下周围和细菌的繁殖，如何影响社区结构。为了分析热和生物碳源和水槽的复杂相互作用，以及未培养的微生物种群在这些过程中的作用，将采用地球化学和分子生物学方法。微生物群落组成和活动模式将进行定量分析。 将测量碳底物谱和微生物过程速率（硫酸盐还原，甲烷生成，甲烷氧化）跨热液活性沉积物位点，并将与微生物种群的变化相关。 Guaymas盆地通风孔可以用作模型系统，用于微生物和地质碳和硫循环的关键连接，并为海洋环境和海洋地下的化学催化剂提供了有关微生物的作用的新灯。为了利用瓜耶斯在海洋科学中的生物地质联系教学的巨大潜力，该项目通过生物多样性教育和公共宣传团队（BEPO）团队（BEPO）团队及其Micros*Cope资源在伍德斯霍尔（Woods Hole）的海洋生物实验室中启动了外展项目，该项目还针对非英国讲话少数社区的科学教育者和学校。此外，Guaymas项目将增强本科和研究生教学，并为研究生和本科生提供动手研究机会。