Collaborative Research: Further Investigations from the Seeded and Natural Orographic Wintertime clouds: the Idaho Experiment (SNOWIE)

合作研究：对种子和自然地形冬季云的进一步调查：爱达荷州实验（SNOWIE）

• 批准号: 2015829
• 负责人: Katja Friedrich
• 金额: $ 69.07万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2015829&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Further; Investigations; Seeded

Precipitation enhancement through cloud seeding has taken place in the Western United States and other regions around the globe for several decades. One of the main weather regimes where cloud seeding is attempted is in mountainous terrain in areas where there is a significant amount of liquid water in the clouds. Direct observational evidence of the chain of events from the release of cloud seeding material to the formation of precipitation was shown in data from a recent NSF-supported field campaign. This award will provide researchers with the opportunity to further analyze data from that campaign to answer additional questions about the science behind cloud seeding. The research represents a public-private partnership between NSF-sponsored scientists and a utility that provides hydroelectric power. The next generation of scientists will also be trained during this project.The research team will expand upon the analysis of field campaign data from the Seeded and Natural Orographic Wintertime clouds: the Idaho Experiment (SNOWIE) that was conducted in 2017. Initial results have shown that cloud seeding in orographic regions can initiate snowfall in certain situations. The research team will move beyond the obvious cases of cloud seeding impacts to analyze every case during the campaign, including those where cloud seeding was conducted while natural snowfall was also occurring. The overarching goal of the project is to provide estimates, with uncertainty limits, of precipitation enhancement from glaciogenic cloud seeding for all SNOWIE seeding events. This will involve coupling data analysis using the SNOWIE data set and state of the art modeling. The researchers have identified a set of questions to address the following research hypotheses: 1) Mesoscale and microscale updrafts observed in mostly stratiform orographic clouds are focal areas for the production of supercooled liquid water and sometimes natural ice particles, 2) Airborne seeding of orographic clouds, under the right conditions, will produce changes in microphysical properties of clouds and precipitation detectable with in-situ and remote sensors, even in conditions where natural precipitation is occurring, and 3) For all SNOWIE cases, seeding impacts on precipitation over a mountain basin can be estimated quantitatively, and uncertainties established, through numerical simulations employing seeding parameterizations improved utilizing analyses from the observations. NSF-supported researchers will collaborate with researchers at the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the Idaho Power Company.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

通过人工降雨增加降水的做法在美国西部和全球其他地区已经进行了几十年。 尝试人工播种的主要天气状况之一是在云层中存在大量液态水的山区地区。 最近由国家科学基金会支持的实地活动的数据显示了从云播种材料释放到降水形成的一系列事件的直接观测证据。 该奖项将为研究人员提供进一步分析该活动数据的机会，以回答有关云播种背后科学的其他问题。 该研究代表了国家科学基金会资助的科学家与提供水力发电的公用事业公司之间的公私合作伙伴关系。 下一代科学家也将在该项目期间接受培训。研究团队将扩展对种子和自然地形冬季云的现场活动数据的分析：2017 年进行的爱达荷实验 (SNOWIE)。初步结果显示在某些情况下，地形地区的人工降雨可能会引发降雪。 研究团队将超越明显的人工降雨影响案例，分析活动期间的每一个案例，包括那些在自然降雪的同时进行人工降雨的案例。 该项目的总体目标是在不确定性限制下，为所有 SNOWIE 播种事件提供冰川成云播种增强降水的估计。 这将涉及使用 SNOWIE 数据集和最先进的建模进行耦合数据分析。 研究人员确定了一系列问题来解决以下研究假设：1）在大多数层状地形云中观察到的中尺度和微观上升气流是产生过冷液态水和有时天然冰粒的焦点区域，2）地形云的空中播种在适当的条件下，即使在自然降水发生的条件下，也会产生可通过现场和遥感器检测到的云和降水微物理特性的变化，并且 3) 对于所有 SNOWIE 情况，可以定量估计播种对山区盆地降水的影响，并通过利用观测分析改进播种参数化的数值模拟来确定不确定性。 NSF 支持的研究人员将与国家大气研究中心和爱达荷电力公司的研究人员合作。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

A Case Study of Cloud-Top Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability Waves near the Dendritic Growth Zone

• 发表时间: 2024-09-14
• 期刊: 2024 15th Global Symposium on Millimeter-Waves & Terahertz (GSMM)
• 作者: M. Ann;K. Riedrich;J. R. F. Rench;D. B. Ehringer
• 通讯作者: D. B. Ehringer

Microphysical Characteristics and Evolution of Seeded Orographic Clouds

种子山地云的微物理特征和演化

• DOI: 10.1175/jamc-d-20-0206.1
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 期刊: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Friedrich, Katja;French, Jeffrey R.;Tessendorf, Sarah A.;Hatt, Melinda;Weeks, Courtney;Rauber, Robert M.;Geerts, Bart;Xue, Lulin;Rasmussen, Roy M.;Blestrud, Derek R.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Vertical Motions in Orographic Cloud Systems over the Payette River Basin. Part III: An Evaluation of the Impact of Transient Vertical Motions on Targeting during Orographic Cloud Seeding Operations

帕耶特河流域地形云系统的垂直运动。

• DOI: 10.1175/jamc-d-21-0230.1
• 发表时间: 2022-11
• 期刊: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Heimes, Kaylee;Zaremba, Troy J.;Rauber, Robert M.;Tessendorf, Sarah A.;Xue, Lulin;Ikeda, Kyoko;Geerts, Bart;French, Jeffrey;Friedrich, Katja;Rasmussen, Roy M.;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Comparison between Observed and Simulated AgI Seeding Impacts in a Well-Observed Case from the SNOWIE Field Program

SNOWIE 现场计划中观察良好的案例中观察到的 AgI 播种影响与模拟的 AgI 播种影响之间的比较

• DOI: 10.1175/jamc-d-21-0103.1
• 发表时间: 2022-04
• 期刊: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Xue, Lulin;Weeks, Courtney;Chen, Sisi;Tessendorf, Sarah A.;Rasmussen, Roy M.;Ikeda, Kyoko;Kosovic, Branko;Behringer, Dalton;French, Jeffery R.;Friedrich, Katja;et al
• 通讯作者: et al

Vertical Motions Forced by Small-Scale Terrain and Cloud Microphysical Response in Extratropical Precipitation Systems

温带降水系统中小尺度地形和云微物理响应引起的垂直运动

• DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-22-0161.1
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Geerts, Bart;Grasmick, Coltin;Rauber, Robert M.;Zaremba, Troy J.;Xue, Lulin;Friedrich, Katja
• 通讯作者: Friedrich, Katja