Collaborative Research: An Integrated Understanding of the Initiation and Subsequent Dynamical and Microphysical Characteristics of Deep Convective Storms during RELAMPAGO

合作研究：对 RELAMPAGO 期间深对流风暴的起始和随后的动力和微物理特征的综合理解

• 批准号: 1661707
• 负责人: Katja Friedrich
• 金额: $ 69.43万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-15 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1661707&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Integrated; Understanding; Initiation

RELAMPAGO (Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, And Mesoscale/microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations) is a study of extreme thunderstorms. It includes a field program to be conducted from 1 Nov to 15 Dec 2018 in west central Argentina, which is regarded as perhaps the world?s best natural laboratory for thunderstorm research. Cutting edge observations from mobile Doppler radar and other instruments will be collected and then analyzed to answer the very basic question of why the thunderstorms in this region are among the most intense in the world. RELAMPAGO will identify the mechanisms that trigger these thunderstorms and contribute to their violence. RELAMPAGO will also determine why these extreme storms are such prolific hail producers, but do not appear to generate many tornadoes. Understanding the initiation and evolution of thunderstorms and how they generate severe weather in Argentina will enable scientists to create better, and more general, theories about thunderstorms in the U.S. This will lead to better forecasts of U.S. thunderstorms and their severe impacts, including hail and tornadoes, and reduce losses of life and property in the U.S. RELAMPAGO is a collaborative project with critical involvement from the University of Illinois, the Pennsylvania State University, University of Colorado, and the Center for Severe Weather Research. Student participation will help shape the careers of the future generation of scientists, engineers and forecasters by equipping them with cutting edge skills and knowledge. RELAMPAGO is a study of extreme thunderstorms. It includes a field program to be conducted from 1 Nov to 15 Dec 2018 in west central Argentina. RELAMPAGO is motivated by satellite observations showing that the thunderstorms in this region are arguably the deepest and most intense in the world. The scarcity of available ground-based observations has kept open the question of why these thunderstorms are so intense. Thus, a novel set of targeted, integrated ground-based instrumentation, including mobile Doppler radars, radiosonde systems, and deployable meteorological sensors will be used to investigate the local environment in which these storms initiate and organize, and the internal storm processes that generate severe weather. Specifically, the extensive suite of RELAMPAGO observations and complementary numerical simulations will be used to determine the convective triggering mechanisms in this environment, and the properties of the regional orography and circulations that contribute to the extreme nature of these storms. Orographically modified environments will be related to the frequency of supercellular convection and its transition to mesoscale convective systems. A new understanding of how such environmental modifications enhance hail production will also be gained, as will an understanding of how (and when) the environments support severe-wind production but reduce the likelihood of tornadogenesis through stronger cold pool generation and reduction of low-level vertical wind shear. This research on extreme thunderstorms outside the U.S. will leverage the results from past U.S. projects, permitting a more general, and geographically unconstrained, understanding of such storms. This will aid the development of conceptual and predictive models that can be used by forecasters in the U.S. and worldwide, mitigating future loss of life and property.

RELAMPAGO（利用自适应地面观测对电气化、闪电和中尺度/微尺度过程进行遥感）是一项针对极端雷暴的研究。其中包括一项将于2018年11月1日至12月15日在阿根廷中西部进行的实地项目，该项目被认为可能是世界上最好的雷暴研究自然实验室。将收集移动多普勒雷达和其他仪器的前沿观测数据，然后进行分析，以回答为什么该地区的雷暴是世界上最强烈的雷暴的一个非常基本的问题。 RELAMPAGO 将确定引发这些雷暴并助长其暴力的机制。 RELAMPAGO 还将确定为什么这些极端风暴如此多产冰雹，但似乎不会产生很多龙卷风。了解雷暴的产生和演变以及它们如何在阿根廷产生恶劣天气将使科学家能够创建关于美国雷暴的更好、更普遍的理论。这将有助于更好地预测美国雷暴及其严重影响，包括冰雹和龙卷风，并减少美国的生命和财产损失。RELAMPAGO 是一个合作项目，得到了伊利诺伊大学、宾夕法尼亚州立大学、科罗拉多大学和恶劣天气研究中心的大力参与。 学生的参与将帮助他们掌握尖端技能和知识，从而帮助塑造下一代科学家、工程师和预报员的职业生涯。 RELAMPAGO 是一项针对极端雷暴的研究。其中包括将于2018年11月1日至12月15日在阿根廷中西部开展的实地计划。 RELAMPAGO 的灵感来自卫星观测，该观测显示该地区的雷暴可以说是世界上最深、最强烈的。由于缺乏可用的地面观测数据，导致这些雷暴为何如此强烈的问题一直悬而未决。因此，一套新颖的有针对性的综合地面仪器，包括移动多普勒雷达、无线电探空仪系统和可部署气象传感器，将用于调查这些风暴发起和组织的当地环境，以及产生严重风暴的内部风暴过程。天气。 具体来说，广泛的 RELAMPAGO 观测和补充数值模拟将用于确定该环境中的对流触发机制，以及导致这些风暴极端性质的区域地形和环流的特性。地形改变的环境将与超细胞对流的频率及其向中尺度对流系统的过渡有关。还将获得对此类环境改造如何增强冰雹产生的新认识，以及对环境如何（以及何时）支持强风产生，但通过更强的冷池生成和减少低水平降低龙卷风发生的可能性的了解。垂直风切变。这项针对美国境外极端雷暴的研究将利用过去美国项目的结果，从而能够对此类风暴有更普遍、不受地理限制的了解。 这将有助于开发可供美国和世界各地的预报员使用的概念和预测模型，从而减少未来的生命和财产损失。

项目成果

Utilizing a Storm-Generating Hotspot to Study Convective Cloud Transitions: The CACTI Experiment

利用风暴生成热点研究对流云转变：CACTI 实验

• DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-20-0030.1
• 发表时间: 2021-04-13
• 期刊: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8
• 作者: A. Varble;S. Nesbitt;P. Salio;J. Hardin;N. Bharadwaj;Paloma Borque;P. DeMott;Zhe Feng;T. Hill;James N. Marquis;A. Matthews;F. Mei;R. Oktem;Vagner Castro;L. Goldberger;Alexis Hunzinger;Kevin R. Barry;S. Kreidenweis;G. McFarquhar;L. McMurdie;M. Pekour;H. Powers;D. Romps;C. Saulo;B. Schmid;J. Tomlinson;S. C. Heever;A. Zelenyuk;Zhixiao Zhang;E. Zipser
• 通讯作者: E. Zipser

Environmental Controls on Simulated Deep Moist Convection Initiation Occurring during RELAMPAGO-CACTI

RELAMPAGO-CACTI 期间模拟深层潮湿对流引发的环境控制

• DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-21-0226.1
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Nelson, T. Connor;Marquis, James;Peters, John M.;Friedrich, Katja
• 通讯作者: Friedrich, Katja

Gargantuan Hail in Argentina

阿根廷遭遇巨大冰雹

• DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-19-0012.1
• 发表时间: 2020-04
• 期刊: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8
• 作者: Kumjian, Matthew R.;Gutierrez, Rachel;Soderholm, Joshua S.;Nesbitt, Stephen W.;Maldonado, Paula;Luna, Lorena Medina;Marquis, James;Bowley, Kevin A.;Imaz, Milagros Alvarez;Salio, Paola
• 通讯作者: Salio, Paola

The Influence of Shear on Deep Convection Initiation. Part II: Simulations

切变对深层对流引发的影响。

• DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-21-0144.1
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Peters, John M.;Morrison, Hugh;Nelson, T. Connor;Marquis, James N.;Mulholland, Jake P.;Nowotarski, Christopher J.
• 通讯作者: Nowotarski, Christopher J.

Multiple-Platform and Multiple-Doppler Radar Observations of a Supercell Thunderstorm in South America during RELAMPAGO

RELAMPAGO 期间南美洲超级单体雷暴的多平台和多普勒雷达观测

• DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-20-0125.1
• 发表时间: 2020-08
• 期刊: Monthly Weather Review
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Trapp, Robert J.;Kosiba, Karen A.;Marquis, James N.;Kumjian, Matthew R.;Nesbitt, Stephen W.;Wurman, Joshua;Salio, Paola;Grover, Maxwell A.;Robinson, Paul;Hence, Deanna A.
• 通讯作者: Hence, Deanna A.