IRES: People, power, and rivers: social-ecological dynamics of hydroelectric development in northern Mongolia

IRES：人、电力和河流：蒙古北部水电开发的社会生态动态

• 批准号: 2035519
• 负责人: Olaf Jensen
• 金额: $ 12.54万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-17 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2035519&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IRES; People; power; rivers; social

The push for renewable energy has driven a global hydroelectric dam-building boom that has already displaced 40-80 million people worldwide and has had large but unquantified ecological impacts. To better understand the impacts of dam-building, research is needed to integrate direct environmental effects, indirect effects of how dams change the ways people interact with their environment, and the interactions between these two effects. With its first large dam under construction and another planned, Mongolia's Selenge River watershed represents an excellent study site for such an investigation. It is also a compelling site because Northern Mongolia's shifting precipitation patterns and rising air temperatures (which have warmed three times faster than the global average), have made traditional herding a more difficult and economically risky livelihood. Some herders have responded by intensifying their use of other natural resources, including fish. By combining research methods from the social and environmental sciences, and by using high-technology tools as well as field work, 18 U.S. students, working with scientists/mentors from several U.S. institutions and from the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, will develop an integrated set of approaches for examining social and ecological dynamics of hydroelectric development. This project will also give U.S. students hands-on experience in working across cultures and in a team-based approach to large complex projects.This IRES project enables students to use multiple approaches to evaluate the impact of dams on the Selenge River's human and natural systems. Among the projects they will undertake are: 1) surveying for critically endangered fish species using analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) shed by fish in the water; 2) estimating the abundance of Taimen, the world's largest salmonid, using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or drones) as a rapid and unobtrusive visual survey platform; 3) conducting swimming performance trials to forecast fishes' ability to utilize fish ladders designed to mitigate dam impacts; 4) interviewing community elders to gauge rates of community change in the past and since dam construction started; 5) interviewing young villagers to understand how dam-building and other factors influence their desire to leave their villages for urban area; and 6) assessing the impacts of possible dam-caused fish declines on foreign sport fisherman (who bring valuable foreign currency to the region) and on Mongolians who increasingly depend on fish for food.

对可再生能源的推动推动了全球水力发电大坝建设热潮，已导致全球 40-8000 万人流离失所，并产生了巨大但无法量化的生态影响。为了更好地了解水坝建设的影响，需要研究整合直接环境影响、水坝如何改变人们与环境互动方式的间接影响，以及这两种影响之间的相互作用。蒙古色楞格河流域的第一座大型水坝正在建设中，另一座大型水坝正在规划中，成为此类调查的绝佳研究地点。 它也是一个引人注目的地点，因为北蒙古不断变化的降水模式和不断上升的气温（升温速度比全球平均水平快三倍）使传统放牧变得更加困难和经济风险更大。 一些牧民的应对措施是加强对其他自然资源的利用，包括鱼类。 通过结合社会科学和环境科学的研究方法，并使用高科技工具和实地工作，18 名美国学生将与来自多个美国机构和蒙古科学院的科学家/导师合作，开发一套综合的研究方法研究水电开发的社会和生态动态的方法。 该项目还将为美国学生提供跨文化工作以及以团队为基础的大型复杂项目的实践经验。该 IRES 项目使学生能够使用多种方法来评估水坝对色楞格河人类和自然系统的影响。他们将开展的项目包括：1）通过分析水中鱼类排出的环境DNA（eDNA）来调查极度濒危鱼类； 2）利用无人机（UAV或无人机）作为快速且不显眼的目视调查平台，估算世界上最大的鲑鱼Taimen的丰度； 3）进行游泳性能试验，以预测鱼类利用旨在减轻大坝影响的鱼梯的能力； 4) 采访社区长者，了解过去和自大坝建设开始以来的社区变化率； 5）采访年轻村民，了解水坝建设和其他因素如何影响他们离开村庄前往城市的愿望； 6) 评估大坝可能造成的鱼类减少对外国游钓者（他们为该地区带来宝贵的外汇）和日益依赖鱼类作为食物的蒙古人的影响。

项目成果

Individual variation and vulnerability to angling: No apparent behavioral differences among fish captured using different fishing gears

个体差异和钓鱼的脆弱性：使用不同渔具捕获的鱼之间没有明显的行为差异

• DOI: 10.1111/eth.13238
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Ethology
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Pollack, Lea;Wiltsee, Laura;Beittel, Alice;Ganzorig, Batsaikhan;Jensen, Olaf P.;Goymann, ed., Wolfgang
• 通讯作者: Goymann, ed., Wolfgang

Thunderstorms have species and gear‐specific indirect effects on the catchability of Mongolian salmonids

雷暴对物种和渔具有特定的间接影响，对蒙古鲑科鱼的捕获能力有特定的间接影响

• DOI: 10.1111/fme.12490
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Fisheries Management and Ecology
• 影响因子: 2
• 作者: Golden, Abigail S.;Sivaram, Sneha;Batsaikhan, Ganzorig;Jensen, Olaf P.
• 通讯作者: Jensen, Olaf P.