People, Power, and Politics: Populism and the Roman Republic (82-27 BC)

人民、权力和政治：民粹主义和罗马共和国（公元前 82-27 年）

• 批准号: 2573736
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2573736
• 关键词: People; Power; Politics; Populism; Roman

This multi-disciplinary thesis will analyse the rhetoric, institutions and political activity of the late Roman Republic, utilising the core concepts of and contemporary research on populism. This analysis aims to bring a new understanding of unresolved issues in scholarship on Roman republican political culture. In doing so, the thesis will also examine how the analysis of populism in antiquity illuminates our understanding of contemporary populism as a style, framework or ideology today.This thesis asks, how does modern political theory of populism deepen our understanding of the complex relationships between institutions, crowds, individuals, and power in the late Roman Republic? Furthermore, how does this populist understanding - in which society is divided between 'a corrupt elite and the pure people' popular authority is sovereign, and lends itself to authoritarianism and anticonstitutionalism (Tarchi 2016; Mudde and Skenderovic 2017) - reframe and resolve the most pressing debate in contemporary Roman political scholarship: how real popular power existed side-by-side with elite domination of the political arena (Millar 1998; Hölkeskamp 2010; Mouritsen 2017)? In turn, how can this 'Roman populism' help us understand modern populism? To what extent can the conflicting taxonomic distinctions in political theories of populism - variously, an ideology, (Taggart 2000) a style, (Sengul 2019) or even a state of mind (Tarchi 2016) -help define the 'core' (Zanatta 2002) of an otherwise heterogeneous idea?Using a range of ancient evidence, drawing from across Cicero's work (speeches, letters and philosophical treatises) and historiographical evidence (particularly Sallust, Livy and Cassius Dio), I will assess how populist rhetoric and praxis created a powerful and identifiable platform for popular authoritarianism. Examining antiquarian evidence (primarily Varro) and ancient political philosophical evidence - especially Plato and Aristotle - I will contextualise this populist political writing within its elite intellectual environment. Additionally, I will make use of inscriptions and coins to demonstrate how individuals and 'the state' projected power in practical terms over time. By analysing the rhetorical, historiographical, epigraphic, and philosophical evidence I will show how populism provides an extremely useful tool for redefining how conceptions like 'people', 'elites' and 'popular sovereignty' coloured the Roman political landscape and facilitated an ideological shift toward anti-constitutionalism and authoritarianism.

该多学科论文将利用有关民粹主义的核心概念和当代研究的核心概念，分析罗马共和国已故共和国的修辞，制度和政治活动。该分析旨在为关于罗马共和党政治文化的科学问题带来新的了解。通过这样做，论文还将研究对古代民粹主义的分析如何阐明我们对当代民粹主义今天的理解，这是一种风格，框架或意识形态。这篇论文问，现代的民粹主义现代政治理论如何加深对我们对机构，人群，个人和晚期罗马共和国的群众之间复杂关系的理解？此外，这种民粹主义的理解如何 - 在“腐败的精英和纯粹的人民的大众权威之间”是主权的，并将自己借给了权威主义和抗议制主义（Tarchi 2016; Mudde and Skenderovic 2017） - 在现代流行的统治者中，在当代人的政治上是最迫在眉睫的竞技 - 在当代人的统治中 - （Millar 1998;Hölkeskamp2010; Mouritsen 2017）？反过来，这种“罗马民粹主义”如何帮助我们了解现代民粹主义？民粹主义政治理论的矛盾分类学区别在多大程度上可以在多大程度上 - 意识形态，（Taggart 2000）一种风格（Sengul，2019年），甚至是一种心态（Sengul 2016）（Tarchi 2016）-Help -Help定义了“核心”（Zanatta 2002）（Zanatta 2002），否则使用了众多的迹象？ （部分是Sallust，Livy和Cassius Dio），我将评估民粹主义的言论和实践如何为流行的威权主义创建一个强大而可识别的平台。研究古物的证据（主要是Varro）和古老的政治哲学证据，尤其是柏拉图和亚里士多德 - 我将在其精英智力环境中进行这种民粹主义政治写作的情况。此外，我将利用铭文和硬币来证明个人和“国家”如何随着时间的推移而实用。通过分析宗教，史学，题词和哲学证据，我将展示民粹主义如何为重新定义诸如“人”，“精英”和“流行的主权”之类的概念为罗马政治景观染色并为反对反宪法主义和威力主义的思想转变而染色。