CAMEO: Collaborative research -- Fish productivity and fishing impacts compared across a range of marine ecosystems

CAMEO：合作研究——对一系列海洋生态系统的鱼类生产力和捕捞影响进行比较

• 批准号: 1041678
• 负责人: Olaf Jensen
• 金额: $ 18.71万
• 依托单位: Rutgers University New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-15 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1041678&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAMEO; Collaborative; research; Fish; productivity

Understanding the complex dynamics controlling marine ecosystem structure and productivity is challenging given the large spatial and temporal scales over which these dynamics occur. A new global database including fisheries stock assessments, research surveys, and ecosystem models has been assembled covering 13 Large Marine Ecosystems. Using these, it is possible to investigate themes directly related to the ecosystem approach to fisheries: (1 the interaction of productivity across fish stocks in ecosystems and the response to fishing pressure, (2 how the trade-off between sustainable yield and ecosystem impacts can be minimized, and (3 analysis of rebuilding rates in over-exploited marine fish stocks, and biological and management drivers of the differential performance of different stocks. There is a central hypothesis associated with each theme: (1 fishing affects the distribution of productivity within the ecosystem but not the total amount, (2 there are irreducible interactions in fishing mortality such that minimizing depletion of less productive stocks will always involve loss of potential yield of more productive stocks and (3 heavily exploited stocks show depensatory responses and rebuild more slowly than assumed in normal compensatory population models. The investigators will conduct analyses across species and ecosystems to determine: mean ecosystem trophic level changes according to catch, survey and stock assessment data and whether the trophic level of catch reflects changes in the ecosystem; correlations in productivity amongst species, trophic levels and functional groups; shifts in community structure from trawl surveys; the extent to which environmental changes or fishing impacts drive productivity; depensation in recruitment and surplus production; the extent of lost yield due to overfishing; catch and assessment data as metrics of ecosystem status; correlations in historical fishing pressure across species, trophic levels and functional groups; the extent to which correlations in fishing pressure can be reduced by spatial management, individual incentives such as catch shares, and changes in fishing technology; rebuilding rates in over-exploited stocks; biological and management drivers of recovery; and management responses to stock over-exploitation. These analyses address fundamental questions of significant intellectual merit about population dynamics, ecosystem structure and productivity, as well as ecosystem interaction and human response. Most of this project addresses indices of ecosystem status and understanding the trade-off between sustainable yield and ecosystem impacts. This will have broad impacts because understanding trade-offs is the most important challenge in ecosystem based management and will have direct application to formulation of the ecosystem approach to fisheries management. In addition to outreach through journal articles, the investigators plan on writing a series of papers in general interest journals on the impacts of fishing on ecosystems and stocks, as well as ongoing policy outreach through legislative staff and media.

考虑到这些动态发生的较大的空间和时间尺度，了解控制海洋生态系统结构和生产力的复杂动力学具有挑战性。一个新的全球数据库，包括渔业库存评估，研究调查和生态系统模型，涵盖了13个大型海洋生态系统。使用这些，可以调查与渔业生态系统方法直接相关的主题：（1（1生态系统中鱼类库存生产力的相互作用和对捕鱼压力的反应的相互作用（2可持续产量和生态系统影响之间的权衡如何最小化，以及3分析中的库存库存和库存库存的分析均不同的海洋鱼类和生物学的分析，这些分析均不同，属于海洋鱼类的销售量，销量不同，这些销售量是不同的。与每个主题相关的假设：（1捕鱼会影响生态系统内生产率的分布，而不是总量（2（2（2）捕鱼死亡率中存在不可约束的相互作用，以最大程度地减少生产力较低的股票的消耗始终涉及损失潜在的产量的潜在产量，这将使较高的生产力的潜在产量损失较低的股票，而3个较慢的反应型较慢的赔偿量会逐渐造成较慢的反应量，并在跨性别范围内进行了逐步调查。确定的生态系统：平均生态系统营养水平会根据捕获，调查和库存评估数据而变化，以及捕获的营养水平是否反映了生态系统的变化；物种，营养水平和官能团的生产率相关；拖网调查的社区结构转变；环境变化或捕鱼会影响生产力的程度；招募和盈余产量的降低；由于过度捕捞而导致的产量失去的程度；捕获和评估数据作为生态系统状态的指标；物种，营养水平和官能团的历史捕鱼压力的相关性；空间管理，诸如捕捞股份等个体激励措施以及捕鱼技术的变化可以降低捕鱼压力的相关性的程度；过度开发的股票的重建率；恢复的生物学和管理驱动力；以及管理对股票过度开发的响应。这些分析解决了有关人群动态，生态系统结构和生产力以及生态系统互动和人类反应的重要智力优势的基本问题。该项目的大部分都涉及生态系统状况的指标，并了解可持续产量与生态系统影响之间的权衡。这将产生广泛的影响，因为理解权衡是基于生态系统的管理中最重要的挑战，并且将直接应用于制定生态系统方法的渔业管理方法。除了通过期刊文章进行外展外，调查人员还计划撰写有关捕鱼对生态系统和股票的影响以及通过立法人员和媒体的持续政策宣传的一系列论文。