RAPID: Collaborative Research: Social interactions, social connectedness, and health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic

RAPID：协作研究：COVID-19 大流行期间的社会互动、社会联系和健康结果

• 批准号: 2030017
• 负责人: Tom Kamarck
• 金额: $ 0.83万
• 依托单位: University of Pittsburgh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-01 至 2021-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2030017&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collaborative; Research; Social; interactions

Good mental and physical health depend on a strong sense of social connectedness. The restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the resultant social isolation and loneliness, have caused that connectedness to deteriorate. Despite decades of research, relatively little is known about the characteristics of social interactions that lead to improvements in social connectedness and, ultimately, to improved health. This project seeks to gain better understanding of how social interactions support social connectedness. It examines the effects of the social isolation and psychological distress that result from social distancing and stay-at-home policies. The research considers activities people perform together, the types of people who serve as interaction partners, the emotional tone and the modality of interaction (in person, phone, text, or video). The study uses longitudinal surveys with a nation-wide panel of U.S. adults to assess the ways in which social interactions provide the route through which social ties are maintained, the regulation of relationships occurs, and social support is exchanged. The project will ultimately inform the development of health-related interventions in this and future pandemic situations. This project seeks to advance theory about how everyday social interactions influence general social connectedness, including loneliness, perceived social support, and strength of social ties. In addition to advancing theory, the research addresses the more immediate need to understand the consequences of social distancing policies. Identifying the most beneficial social interactions can help support just-in-time interventions to improve social connectedness and related public health recommendations. To achieve these goals, the research collects longitudinal survey data over a three-week period in which U.S. adults complete multiple surveys each day to describe the frequency and characteristics of their social interactions. End-of-day surveys measure social connectedness (loneliness, perceived social support, and tie strength) and mental health (positive and negative affect, depression, anxiety, and perceived stress). Statistical techniques for longitudinal data, including structural equation modeling and latent change score analysis, test the relationship between interaction characteristics and the end-of-day surveys. Insight gained by this research will inform future efforts in implementing health-related behavioral change recommendations.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

良好的身心健康取决于强烈的社会联系感。 COVID-19 大流行的限制以及由此产生的社会隔离和孤独感导致这种联系恶化。尽管进行了数十年的研究，但人们对社交互动的特征知之甚少，而社交互动的特征可以改善社会联系并最终改善健康。该项目旨在更好地了解社交互动如何支持社交联系。它研究了社交距离和居家政策造成的社会孤立和心理困扰的影响。该研究考虑了人们一起进行的活动、作为互动伙伴的人的类型、情绪基调和互动方式（面对面、电话、文本或视频）。该研究对全国范围内的美国成年人进行了纵向调查，以评估社交互动如何提供维持社会关系、调节关系和交换社会支持的途径。该项目最终将为当前和未来大流行情况下与健康相关的干预措施的制定提供信息。该项目旨在推进关于日常社交互动如何影响一般社会联系的理论，包括孤独感、感知的社会支持和社会关系的强度。除了推进理论之外，该研究还解决了了解社会疏远政策后果的更迫切的需要。确定最有益的社交互动有助于支持及时干预，以改善社会联系和相关的公共卫生建议。为了实现这些目标，该研究收集了为期三周的纵向调查数据，其中美国成年人每天完成多项调查，以描述他们社交互动的频率和特征。日终调查衡量社会联系（孤独感、感知的社会支持和联系强度）和心理健康（积极和消极的影响、抑郁、焦虑和感知的压力）。纵向数据的统计技术，包括结构方程建模和潜在变化评分分析，测试交互特征和日终调查之间的关系。这项研究获得的见解将为未来实施与健康相关的行为改变建议的努力提供信息。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。