RAPID: Collaborative Research: The Impact of COVID-19 on Norms, Risk-taking, Information, and Trust

RAPID：协作研究：COVID-19 对规范、风险承担、信息和信任的影响

• 批准号: 2027556
• 负责人: Rick Wilson
• 金额: $ 10.94万
• 依托单位: William Marsh Rice University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-05-01 至 2021-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2027556&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collaborative; Research; Impact; COVID

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has hit countries around the world hard and is likely to have both short-run and long-run impacts on health behaviors, social norms, and trust in government and other organizations. In the short run, governments and health organizations provide extensive information and recommend behavior to avoid contracting the disease and spreading it to others. This research involves surveys to figure out whether and to what extent people follow recommendations and change behavior. Because the research team has been following a sample of university students for several years, the team already knows a lot about them, and this facilitates an understanding of variation in compliance with recommendations. For example, risk-tolerance and trust in organizations are likely to matter. The team is exploring how people process information about the virus, and how that affects their beliefs about the risks to themselves and others. The researchers also are examining the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on social norms, and how those change over time. The second wave of the study looks for longer run impacts. The results of this study will be useful in shaping future policies and communications about health risks, especially during epidemics and other health crises. The researchers make use of previous samples of subjects to test the impact of COVID-19 information and recommendations on behavior, social norms, trust in each other and institutions, and risk-tolerance. They have four areas of study. The first is how how people process “noisy” information in the context of COVID-19. Prior research by a team member has shown that some individuals tend to misunderstand such information to their benefit. The teams adapt the methodology and protocol of the prior work to examine how individuals interpret COVID-19 information, and how this affects their beliefs about their own vulnerabilities. Second, the team studies the impact of COVID-19 on norms of behavior, including those directly related to the virus (social distancing, hand-washing), as well as norms of trust, sharing and in-group favoritism that may be shifting or newly emerging in response to COVID19. Prior work by a team member developed a methodology for eliciting social norms, and has shown that norms evolve in response to social influence. Third, they explore the impact of COVID-19 on interpersonal trust and trust in institutions, which significantly impacts willingness to follow government and organizational recommendations. Prior work by team members used incentivized games and surveys to study trust and reciprocity in natural disaster settings. Finally, they look at risk perception and risk taking related to COVID-19. Using incentivized measures of risk tolerance, and survey measures of domain-specific risk perceptions and behavior, the team explores the relationship between risk aversion and behavior, but also how the advent of COVID-19 has changed preferences for risk-taking. In these ways prior knowledge about the subjects provides an opportunity to study the impact of a national health catastrophe on information processing, social norms, trust and reciprocity and risk-taking.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这部新颖的冠状病毒（Covid-19）袭击了世界各地的国家，很可能对政府和其他组织的健康行为，社会规范以及对健康行为，社会规范以及信任产生短期和长期影响。在短期内，政府和卫生组织提供了广泛的信息和建议行为，以避免收缩这种疾病并将其传播给他人。这项研究涉及调查，以找出人们是否遵循建议并在何种程度上改变行为。由于研究团队已经关注大学生的样本已有几年了，因此该团队已经对他们了解很多，这很喜欢理解符合建议的变化。例如，对组织的风险耐受和信任很可能很重要。该团队正在探索人们如何处理有关病毒的信息，以及如何影响他们对自己和他人风险的信念。研究人员还正在研究Covid-19-19爆发对社会规范的影响，以及这些爆发随着时间的变化。第二波研究的效果更长。这项研究的结果将有助于制定有关健康风险的未来政策和沟通，尤其是在流行病和其他健康危机期间。研究人员利用先前的受试者样本来测试COVID-19的影响以及有关行为，社会规范，彼此信任和机构的建议和建议，以及容易耐受性。他们有四个学习领域。首先是人们如何处理Covid-19的“嘈杂”信息。团队成员的事先研究表明，有些人倾向于遗漏其利益。团队适应了先前工作的方法和协议，以研究个人如何解释Covid-19信息，以及这如何影响他们对自己脆弱性的信念。其次，该小组研究了Covid-19对行为规范的影响，包括与病毒直接相关的行为规范（社会疏远，洗手），以及信任，共享和组内喜欢的规范，可能会响应于Covid19，这可能正在转移或新出现。团队成员的先前工作开发了一种提出社会规范的方法，并表明了对社会影响力的响应规范的发展。第三，他们探讨了Covid-19对机构的人际信任和信任的影响，这极大地影响了遵循政府和组织建议的意愿。团队成员的先前工作使用激励的游戏和调查来研究自然灾害环境中的信任和互惠。最后，他们研究了风险感知和与Covid-19有关的风险。该团队利用激励风险承受能力的衡量标准，调查特定风险感知和行为，探讨了风险规避和行为之间的关系，以及Covid-19的进步如何改变了风险冒险的偏好。以这些方式，有关受试者的先验知识为研究国家健康灾难对信息处理，社会规范，信任和冒险的影响提供了机会。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并认为值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准通过评估来进行评估。