RAPID: A Multi-Level Analysis of Social and Behavioral Responses to COVID-19

RAPID：对 COVID-19 社会和行为反应的多层次分析

• 批准号: 2026922
• 负责人: Brian Lickel
• 金额: $ 19.82万
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts Amherst
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-01 至 2021-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2026922&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Multi; Level; Analysis; Social

The COVID-19 outbreak represents a rapidly unfolding and important challenge to the United States and to the world at large with the potential for significant social and economic impact. Non-pharmaceutical interventions were implemented as part of a broader effort to slow the spread of the disease. U.S. citizens were instructed to increase hygiene efforts such as hand-washing and to increase social distancing by limiting contact with other people, especially in large crowds. In some states, school and business closures, as well as other forms of mandated restrictions, also began impacting people and families. Understanding the public’s response to this ongoing outbreak is vital, and social psychological and decision-science perspectives may uniquely contribute to the effectiveness of governmental and non-governmental efforts to respond effectively to further crises. This project examines predictors of behavior during the outbreak (for example, engaging in social distancing), emotional and coping responses (for example, seeking social support), and changes in social attitudes (for example, trust in public policies). The research tests the idea that both personal welfare and collective/national welfare can facilitate appropriate health behaviors. By following people over time during 2020, the study provides periodic snapshots of public responses to the outbreak as well as testing important scientific questions that will inform future public health and disaster-response interventions.This RAPID project is centered on a four-wave longitudinal survey of a representative sample of 3,000 U.S. residents. Study participants are first contacted in March, 2020, and then again at three later time-points roughly every 12 weeks. The research is designed to provide an index of the evolving public response to the outbreak throughout the year. Threats are conceptualized as either threats to the self or threats to the national welfare. Similarly, reactions to those threats are framed as requiring personal responsibility or requiring a national response. Because the study assesses the same participants over time, the research addresses how changes in people’s circumstances predict changes in psychological and behavioral responses. One question is whether changes in concerns regarding the broader social impact predict adherence to public health advice and mandates differently than concerns about personal health impacts. The study also identifies participants’ geographic location; over time, survey responses will be integrated with publicly available data to examine how local factors influence psychological responses. This will help address whether people in states and communities with greater investment in community resilience (e.g., public health funding) show better coping responses to the outbreak than in states and communities with lower investments in community resilience. The study design incorporates communication interventions at waves 2 and 3 to test the role of social norm information and shared (versus individual) responsibility on people’s willingness to follow public health guidelines and mandates. Using these longitudinal, geographic, and experimental methods, the research will test hypotheses on four broad topics: personal and social responsibility, norms and social influence, coping and emotion regulation, and impacts of the outbreak on social cohesion and conflict. The new knowledge will inform future public health and policy interventions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

Covid-19-19爆发代表了对美国和整个世界的迅速发展和重要的挑战，具有重大的社会和经济影响。非药物干预措施是作为减缓疾病传播的更广泛努力的一部分。指示美国公民增加卫生努力，例如洗手，并通过限制与其他人的接触，尤其是在大批人群中增加社会疏远。在某些州，学校和商业关闭以及其他形式的强制性限制，也开始影响人们和家庭。了解公众对这次持续爆发的反应至关重要，社会心理和决策科学的观点可能会唯一地有助于政府和非政府努力的有效性，以有效地应对进一步的犯罪。该项目考试在爆发期间的行为预测因素（例如，参与社会疏远），情感和应对反应（例如寻求社会支持）以及社会出勤的变化（例如，对公共政策的信任）。该研究检验了个人福利和集体/国家福利都可以促进适当健康行为的想法。通过在2020年期间随着时间的流逝跟随人们，该研究提供了对爆发的公众反应的定期快照，并测试了重要的科学问题，这些问题将为未来的公共健康和灾难响应干预提供依据。该快速项目集中在对3,000名美国居民的四波纵向调查上。研究参与者于2020年3月首次与研究参与者联系，然后大约每12周以三个稍后的时间点与三个稍后的时间联系。该研究旨在提供全年不断发展的公众反应的指数。威胁被概念化为对自我的威胁或对民族福利的威胁。同样，对这些威胁的反应也被构成，因为需要个人责任或需要国家应对。由于该研究随着时间的推移评估了相同的参与者，因此研究介绍了人们环境中的变化如何预测心理和行为反应的变化。一个问题是，对更广泛的社会影响的关注变化是否可以预测遵守公共卫生建议的遵守，并且对个人健康影响的担忧有所不同。该研究还确定了参与者的地理位置；随着时间的流逝，调查反应将与公开可用的数据集成，以研究当地因素如何影响心理反应。这将有助于解决国家和社区中对社区韧性投资更大（例如，公共卫生资金）的人是否比对社区弹性投资较低的州和社区的应对反应更好。该研究设计结合了第2浪和第3浪的交流干预措施，以测试社会规范信息的作用，并在人们愿意遵守公共卫生指南和授权的意愿上共享（与个人）责任。该研究使用这些纵向，地理和实验方法，将对四个广泛主题进行测试：个人和社会责任，规范和社会影响力，应对和情感调节，以及爆发对社会凝聚力和冲突的影响。新知识将为未来的公共卫生和政策干预提供依据。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来评估被认为是宝贵的支持。