COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Vicarious shame and guilt: Antecedents and Consequences

合作研究：替代羞耻和内疚：前因和后果

• 批准号: 0112473
• 负责人: Brian Lickel
• 金额: $ 20.5万
• 依托单位: University of Southern California
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-01 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0112473&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; Vicarious; shame; guilt

A growing body of research has identified the important role of shame and guilt in regulating human social behavior. Past research has discovered that shame and guilt are often evoked by similar circumstances, yet these emotions are clearly distinct. For example, whereas guilt appears to facilitate smoother social interactions and psychological adjustment, shame prompts feelings of self-consciousness and a desire to withdraw from social encounters. Although existing research on shame and guilt has focused on the experience of these emotions as it occurs after people have committed a blameworthy action themselves, almost no research has examined factors that predict when people experience shame or guilt for actions carried out by other individuals. The proposed research will test a model of vicarious shame and guilt that integrates current understandings of self-conscious emotion with theoretical perspectives on social associations to predict what types of associations make individuals susceptible to vicarious shame versus guilt for the actions of others. The perceived essentiality of one's association to a wrongdoer is predicted to intensify reactions of vicarious shame and distancing responses, whereas one's level of interpersonal interdependence with a wrongdoer is predicted to intensify reactions of vicarious guilt and efforts to repair any damage done to a victim. A series of 14 experiments will manipulate the type of association participants have to an individual who commits a wrongdoing and examine the effects of these manipulations on participants' self-reported emotional reactions and cognitive appraisals, as well as their behavioral responses to both the wrongdoer and the victim. Because shame and guilt evoke such different behavioral reactions to events, the proposed research on vicarious shame and guilt promises to yield insights important for theories of intergroup and interpersonal behavior, as well as for theories of emotion.

越来越多的研究已经确定了羞耻和内gui在调节人类社会行为方面的重要作用。过去的研究发现，羞耻和内gui经常被类似情况唤起，但是这些情绪显然是不同的。例如，尽管内gui似乎有助于更流畅的社会互动和心理调整，但羞耻会提示自我意识的感觉和退出社会遭遇的愿望。尽管现有的对羞耻感和内gui的研究集中在人们自己采取责备行动之后发生的这些情绪的经验，但几乎没有研究检查人们预测人们何时对其他人进行的行动感到羞耻或内gui。拟议的研究将测试一种替代性羞耻和内gui的模型，将当前对自我意识情感的理解与对社会协会的理论观点相结合，以预测哪些类型的关联使个人容易受到替代性羞耻感，而对他人行为的内gui感。预计一个人与不法行前的关联的意义会加剧替代性羞耻和疏远的反应的反应，而一个人与不法行前的人际相互依存的水平可以加剧毒地的内gui感和对受害者造成的任何损害的努力。一系列的14项实验将操纵参与者与个人进行不法行为的人的类型，并检查这些操纵对参与者自我报告的情绪反应和认知评估的影响，以及他们对不法行为者和受害者的行为反应。由于羞耻和内gui唤起了对事件的行为反应，因此拟议的羞耻和内gui的拟议研究有望产生对群体间和人际行为理论以及情感理论重要的见解。