Collaborative Research: Bugs to clouds: Thawing permafrost, its microbes, and their possible role in Arctic climate feedbacks

合作研究：云中的虫子：永久冻土的融化、微生物及其在北极气候反馈中的可能作用

• 批准号: 1946657
• 负责人: Jessie Creamean
• 金额: $ 72.5万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1946657&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Bugs; clouds; Thawing

In a warmer world, the Arctic is projected to become cloudier and rainier. As the Arctic warms more than twice as fast as the rest of the world, resulting changes in clouds can subsequently affect sea ice extent, permafrost thaw, and regional and global weather. However, the formation and evolution of Arctic clouds remain highly uncertain in part due to a limited understanding of airborne particles known as aerosols that seed clouds, specifically aerosols that form cloud ice crystals. These ice crystals, called ice nucleating particles or INPs, can originate from soil, plants, oceans, lakes, and rivers. In particular, the sources and abundance of INPs from Earth’s biome are poorly understood yet may be crucial for cloud ice formation. Warmer temperatures are also triggering rapid and extensive permafrost thaw at high latitudes, which has implications for communities and wildlife living in these regions. Thawing permafrost additionally releases greenhouse gases and promotes metabolic activity in microbes such as bacteria—suggesting the intriguing possibility that as permafrost thaws, the microbes themselves and their byproducts could be released into lakes, rivers, and the ocean, and potentially into the atmosphere to impact cloud formation. However, permafrost has not been previously evaluated as a source of seeds for clouds. Because permafrost covers approximately 15% of Northern Hemisphere land, this novel but potentially widespread INP source may be important for predictions of Arctic clouds.The overarching hypothesis of this project is that INPs released from thawing permafrost significantly influence cloud properties in the Arctic. The field deployment called ARCSPIN (ARCtic Study of Permafrost Ice Nucleation) involves collection and measurement of INPs in permafrost soil, lake water, river water, and aerosols at two NSF-supported facilities on the North Slope of Alaska. Additionally, this study leverages existing NSF shipborne opportunities to collect aerosol and seawater samples from the Bering and Chukchi Seas for INPs. Land-based measurements provide a detailed assessment of permafrost INP sources, while the shipborne measurements clarify the spatial reach of such INPs. The researchers use climate and earth system models to tie together observations in terrestrial and marine environments, and to assess the effects of clouds formed by permafrost INPs on sunlight and heat in the broader Arctic region. The proposed joint observational-modeling study advances the understanding of the Arctic as a coupled system through an interdisciplinary approach to assess interactions among physical, biological, and atmospheric climate system processes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在变暖的世界中，北极预计将变得更加多云和更加多雨，因为北极变暖的速度是世界其他地区的两倍以上，由此产生的云层变化可能会影响海冰范围、永久冻土融化以及区域和全球天气。然而，北极云的形成和演化仍然高度不确定，部分原因是对形成云的气溶胶，特别是形成云冰晶（称为冰）的气溶胶的了解有限。成核颗粒或 INP 可能源自土壤、植物、海洋、湖泊和河流。特别是，人们对地球生物群落中 INP 的来源和丰度知之甚少，但它们可能对云冰的快速形成至关重要。高纬度地区大范围的永久冻土融化，对生活在这些地区的社区和野生动物产生影响，永久冻土融化还会释放温室气体并促进微生物的代谢活动，例如。细菌——这表明了一种有趣的可能性，即随着永久冻土的融化，微生物本身及其副产品可能会释放到湖泊、河流和海洋中，并可能进入大气中，从而影响云的形成。然而，永久冻土此前并未被评估为一个来源。由于永久冻土覆盖了大约 15% 的北半球土地，这种新颖但可能广泛分布的 INP 源可能对北极云的预测很重要。该项目的目的是，永久冻土融化释放的 INP 会显着影响北极的云特性。名为 ARCSPIN（北极永久冻土冰成核研究）的现场部署涉及在 2 小时收集和测量永久冻土、湖水、河水和气溶胶中的 INP。此外，这项研究利用现有的 NSF 船载机会从白令海和楚科奇海收集气溶胶和海水样本。陆地测量提供了对永久冻土 INP 来源的详细评估，而船载测量则阐明了此类 INP 的空间范围，研究人员使用气候和地球系统模型将陆地和海洋环境的观测结果联系起来，并评估其影响。永久冻土INP形成的云对更广泛的北极地区的阳光和热量的影响拟议的联合观测模型研究通过跨学科方法评估物理、生物、环境之间的相互作用，增进了对北极作为一个耦合系统的理解。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Persistence and Potential Atmospheric Ramifications of Ice-Nucleating Particles Released from Thawing Permafrost

永久冻土融化释放的冰核颗粒的持久性和潜在的大气影响

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06530
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
• 影响因子: 11.4
• 作者: Barry, Kevin R.;Hill, Thomas C.;Moore, Kathryn A.;Douglas, Thomas A.;Kreidenweis, Sonia M.;DeMott, Paul J.;Creamean, Jessie M.
• 通讯作者: Creamean, Jessie M.