Collaborative Research: Antarctic Low Cloud Interaction with Natural Aerosol (ALCINA)

合作研究：南极低云与天然气溶胶的相互作用（ALCINA）

• 批准号: 2130204
• 负责人: Jessie Creamean
• 金额: $ 45.08万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2027-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2130204&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Antarctic; Low; Cloud

Global climate model simulations are one of the most important tools for predicting Earth’s future climate in response to changing greenhouse gas concentrations or changes in incoming solar energy. Climate simulations over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean can be improved by better physical representation of low-level clouds, which have large impacts on ice surface melt events and inaccuracies in solar energy transmission, which degrades weather models. Errors in cloud simulations have been linked to insufficient information about aerosols - the ubiquitous microscopic particles that seed cloud droplet and cloud ice crystal formation. This project will collect data on aerosol chemical and microphysical properties simultaneously with cloud optical properties at Palmer Station continuously for 18 months, sampling aerosols sourced from both the ocean and from the continent. For broader impacts, the field campaigns involve diverse lead scientists and early career researchers and will engage in public outreach seminars through the School of Global and Environmental Sustainability’s Antarctic Lecture Series. Scientific activities from this project will be incorporated into the California Next Generation Science Standards through a partnership with the California Association for Science Educators.This project will deploy a combination of advanced aerosol sampling equipment and cloud remote sensing and surface radiation instruments that will operate for an extended duration at Palmer Station. Encompassing all seasons including two austral summers, these new observations will yield robust aerosol-cloud interaction (ACI) statistics for climate model evaluation and improvement. Aerosol property measurements include size distributions, number concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nucleating particles (INPs), chemical composition including mineral, sulfate, sea salt and organics, and microbial community structure from DNA sequencing. The observations will span orders of magnitude changes in aerosol number concentrations and chemical constituents resulting from the strong seasonal cycle of biogenic activity and from changing airmass origins. These new measurements will also differentiate between influences of algal blooms and continental dust on INPs, for which there is presently a great scarcity of data over Antarctica. Atmospheric observations include near-infrared spectroscopic measurement of cloud liquid water content and effective liquid water droplet and ice crystal particle size, cloud base height and geometrical thickness, and surface energy budget components. These observations will be supplemented by satellite remote sensing of cloud properties from the NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the NASA Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-2), and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument aboard the Soumi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) and NOAA-20 satellites. This project was co-funded by the Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

全球气候模型模拟是预测地球未来气候的最重要工具之一，以应对温室气体浓度的变化或传入太阳能的变化，可以通过更好地物理表示低层云来改进南极洲和南大洋的气候模拟。 ，这对冰面融化事件和太阳能传输的不准确性有很大影响，从而降低了天气模型的质量。云模拟中的错误与气溶胶（形成云的普遍存在的微观粒子）信息不足有关。该项目将在帕尔默站连续 18 个月收集气溶胶化学和微物理特性以及云光学特性数据，对来自海洋和大陆的气溶胶进行采样，以产生更广泛的影响。涉及不同的首席科学家和早期职业研究人员，并将通过全球与环境可持续发展学院的南极讲座系列参与公共外展研讨会，该项目的科学活动将通过与加州下一代科学标准的合作纳入。加州科学教育者协会。该项目将部署先进的气溶胶采样设备以及云遥感和表面辐射仪器，这些设备将在帕尔默站长期运行，涵盖所有季节，包括两个南方夏季，这些新的观测结果将产生可靠的结果。用于气候模型评估和改进的气溶胶-云相互作用（ACI）统计数据包括尺寸分布、云凝结核（CCN）和冰核颗粒（INP）的数量浓度、化学成分，包括。这些新的测量结果将涵盖由生物活动的强烈季节性周期和气团起源变化引起的气溶胶数量浓度和化学成分的数量级变化。还将区分藻华和大陆尘埃对 INP 的影响，目前南极洲上空的大气观测数据非常缺乏，包括云液态水含量的近红外光谱测量。有效液态水滴和冰晶颗粒大小、云底高度和几何厚度以及表面能量预算成分将由美国宇航局中分辨率成像光谱辐射计（MODIS）和美国宇航局云对云特性的卫星遥感进行补充。和陆地高程卫星 (ICESat-2)，以及 Soumi 国家极地轨道合作伙伴 (SNPP) 和 NOAA-20 上的可见红外成像辐射计套件 (VIIRS) 仪器该项目由大气和地球空间科学部共同资助。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。