Collaborative Research: Parabens as a Tool for Interrogating Halogenation in Environmental Systems: Products and Pathways

合作研究：对羟基苯甲酸酯作为研究环境系统中卤化的工具：产品和途径

基本信息

批准号：
2003578
负责人：
John Sivey
金额：
$ 17.37万
依托单位：
Towson University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2003578&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Parabens Tool Interrogating

项目摘要

This project, funded by the Environmental Chemical Sciences Program within the Division of Chemistry, supports Professors Daniel McCurry of the University of Southern California (USC) and John Sivey and Keith Reber of Towson University (TU) to study chemical reactions related to water disinfection. When water is disinfected with chlorine, halogenation reactions occur. Such reactions can decrease levels of harmful chemical pollutants in water. Halogenation reactions can also generate toxic chlorinated byproduct from natural or man-made precursors in water. This project seeks to understand the rates and mechanisms of these reactions. The focus is on parabens, which are used as preservatives in shampoos, lotions, and other consumer products. Parabens can be washed down the drains of showers and sinks as components of greywater. When greywater is recycled, parabens can enter drinking water. Parabens resemble molecules that are naturally present in lakes and rivers due to the breakdown of plant matter. Therefore, studying how parabens respond to the chlorination process associated with drinking water treatment can lead to insights into chlorination reactions with other molecules. The research is conducted as a collaboration between a large research university (USC) and a primarily undergraduate institution (TU). The project also includes a teaching internship for a USC graduate student at TU, and a summer research internship for a TU undergraduate at USC.The team studies fundamental aspects of aqueous halogenation important for understanding the fate of parabens and other aromatic nucleophiles. Specific questions addressed by this project include: (1) What is the role of trace, highly reactive, often-overlooked halogenating species (such as Cl2O and BrCl) in the halogenation of parabens? (2) During chloramination, when ammonia-containing water is chlorinated, what is the role of individual chloramine species? Is monochloramine, which dominates chloramine speciation, essentially inert? (3) What fraction of active halogen consumption results in halogenation versus oxidation and formation of inert inorganic halide species? (4) What is the mechanism of haloform formation from substituted phenols (including parabens)? The research tasks address both fundamental environmental chemistry questions and applied concerns about the fate of parabens, particularly during potable water reuse.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目由化学系环境化学科学项目资助，支持南加州大学 (USC) 的 Daniel McCurry 教授以及陶森大学 (TU) 的 John Sivey 和 Keith Reber 教授研究与水消毒相关的化学反应。当水用氯消毒时，会发生卤化反应。这种反应可以降低水中有害化学污染物的水平。卤化反应还可以从水中的天然或人造前体产生有毒的氯化副产物。该项目旨在了解这些反应的速率和机制。重点是对羟基苯甲酸酯，它用作洗发水、乳液和其他消费品中的防腐剂。对羟基苯甲酸酯可以作为灰水的成分被冲进淋浴间和水槽的排水沟。当灰水被回收时，对羟基苯甲酸酯可以进入饮用水。对羟基苯甲酸酯类似于因植物分解而自然存在于湖泊和河流中的分子。因此，研究对羟基苯甲酸酯如何响应与饮用水处理相关的氯化过程可以深入了解与其他分子的氯化反应。该研究是一所大型研究型大学 (USC) 和一所本科院校 (TU) 合作进行的。该项目还包括南加州大学研究生在 TU 的教学实习，以及 TU 本科生在南加州大学的暑期研究实习。该团队研究水卤化的基本方面，对于了解对羟基苯甲酸酯和其他芳香族亲核试剂的命运非常重要。该项目要解决的具体问题包括： (1) 痕量、高反应性、经常被忽视的卤化物质（例如 Cl2O 和 BrCl）在对羟基苯甲酸酯的卤化中起什么作用？ (2) 在氯胺化过程中，当含氨水被氯化时，各个氯胺物种的作用是什么？主导氯胺形态的一氯胺本质上是惰性的吗？ (3) 活性卤素消耗的多少比例导致卤化与氧化以及惰性无机卤化物的形成？ (4) 取代苯酚（包括对羟基苯甲酸酯）形成卤仿的机理是什么？研究任务解决了基本的环境化学问题和对对羟基苯甲酸酯命运的应用关注，特别是在饮用水再利用过程中。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。