Collaborative Research: Parabens as a Tool for Interrogating Halogenation in Environmental Systems: Products and Pathways

合作研究：对羟基苯甲酸酯作为研究环境系统中卤化的工具：产品和途径

基本信息

批准号：
2003578
负责人：
John Sivey
金额：
$ 17.37万
依托单位：
Towson University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2003578&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Parabens Tool Interrogating

项目摘要

This project, funded by the Environmental Chemical Sciences Program within the Division of Chemistry, supports Professors Daniel McCurry of the University of Southern California (USC) and John Sivey and Keith Reber of Towson University (TU) to study chemical reactions related to water disinfection. When water is disinfected with chlorine, halogenation reactions occur. Such reactions can decrease levels of harmful chemical pollutants in water. Halogenation reactions can also generate toxic chlorinated byproduct from natural or man-made precursors in water. This project seeks to understand the rates and mechanisms of these reactions. The focus is on parabens, which are used as preservatives in shampoos, lotions, and other consumer products. Parabens can be washed down the drains of showers and sinks as components of greywater. When greywater is recycled, parabens can enter drinking water. Parabens resemble molecules that are naturally present in lakes and rivers due to the breakdown of plant matter. Therefore, studying how parabens respond to the chlorination process associated with drinking water treatment can lead to insights into chlorination reactions with other molecules. The research is conducted as a collaboration between a large research university (USC) and a primarily undergraduate institution (TU). The project also includes a teaching internship for a USC graduate student at TU, and a summer research internship for a TU undergraduate at USC.The team studies fundamental aspects of aqueous halogenation important for understanding the fate of parabens and other aromatic nucleophiles. Specific questions addressed by this project include: (1) What is the role of trace, highly reactive, often-overlooked halogenating species (such as Cl2O and BrCl) in the halogenation of parabens? (2) During chloramination, when ammonia-containing water is chlorinated, what is the role of individual chloramine species? Is monochloramine, which dominates chloramine speciation, essentially inert? (3) What fraction of active halogen consumption results in halogenation versus oxidation and formation of inert inorganic halide species? (4) What is the mechanism of haloform formation from substituted phenols (including parabens)? The research tasks address both fundamental environmental chemistry questions and applied concerns about the fate of parabens, particularly during potable water reuse.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目由化学部内的环境化学科学计划资助，支持南加州大学（USC）的丹尼尔·麦克库里（Daniel McCurry）以及陶森大学（TU）的约翰·西维（John Sivey）和基思·瑞伯（Keith Reber）研究与水消毒有关的化学反应。当水被氯消毒时，会发生卤化反应。这种反应可以降低水中有害化学污染物的水平。卤素反应还可以从水中的天然或人为的前体产生有毒的氯化副产物。该项目旨在了解这些反应的速率和机制。重点是对羟基苯甲酸酯，这些对羟基苯甲酸酯是洗发水，乳液和其他消费产品中的防腐剂。可以将对羟基苯甲酸酯冲洗为淋浴和水槽的排水，作为灰水的组成部分。当灰水被回收时，对羟基苯甲酸酯可以进入饮用水。对羟基苯甲酸酯类似于由于植物物质破裂而自然存在于湖泊和河流中的分子。因此，研究对羟基苯甲酸酯如何应对与饮用水治疗相关的氯化过程的反应会导致对与其他分子的氯化反应的见解。这项研究是作为大型研究大学（USC）与主要是本科机构（TU）之间的合作。该项目还包括对TU的USC研究生的教学实习，以及在USC的TU本科生的夏季研究实习。团队研究水卤素水的基本方面对于了解对羟基苯甲酸酯和其他芳族核友的命运很重要。该项目解决的具体问题包括：（1）痕量，高度反应性，经常被忽视的卤代物种（例如CL2O和BRCL）在对羟基苯甲酸酯的卤化中的作用是什么？（2）在氯化过程中，当含氨水的水被氯化时，单个氯胺种类的作用是什么？单氯胺是基本上是惰性的，它是单氯胺的主导吗？（3）积极卤素消耗的哪一部分会导致卤素与氧化和惰性无机卤化物物种的形成？（4）从取代的苯酚（包括对羟基苯甲酸酯）形成晕杆菌的机理是什么？研究任务既解决了基本的环境化学问题，又解决了对羟基苯甲酸酯的命运的关注，尤其是在饮用水再利用期间。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评估来评估值得支持的。