CAREER: BrCl and Other Highly Reactive Brominating Agents in Disinfected Waters: Implications for Disinfection By-Product Formation and Control

职业：消毒水中的 BrCl 和其他高反应性溴化剂：对消毒副产物形成和控制的影响

基本信息

批准号：
1651536
负责人：
John Sivey
金额：
$ 50.05万
依托单位：
Towson University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-03-01 至 2023-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1651536&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER BrCl Other Highly Reactive

项目摘要

Title: CAREER: BrCl and Other Highly Reactive Brominating Agents in Disinfected Waters: Implications for Disinfection By-Product Formation and ControlPI Name: John D. SiveyProposal Number: CBET - 1651536 Bromide is present in virtually all natural waters. When these waters are disinfected prior to use as drinking water or in swimming pools, bromide can be converted into several highly reactive brominating agents. The primary objective of this project will be to understand how these brominating agents can react with naturally occurring organic compounds to generate potentially toxic disinfection by-products. In the educational outreach program sixth-grade math students will explore how linear functions are essential to science and engineering. The overarching goal of this program will be to use inquiry-based, hands-on water chemistry activities to help sixth-grade students connect the mathematics they are learning to real-world scientific questions and careers.The reactive bromine species in chlorinated drinking water is typically assumed to be HOBr; nevertheless, several additional bromine species can readily form when bromide-containing waters are disinfected with chlorine, including BrCl, BrOCl, and Br2O (collectively, BrX). Despite being highly reactive toward a range of organic compounds, the influence of BrX on formation of brominated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) has received little attention. This project will quantify the influence of individual BrX species on formation rates, yields, and product distributions of several classes of DBPs, including trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, halophenols, and halosalicylic acids. Humic acid, natural organic matter surrogates, and natural surface waters will serve as sources of organic DBP precursors. Experimental data will be used to develop models describing the effects of bromine speciation on DBP formation. By evaluating the influence of bromine speciation on DBP formation, the PI will seek to improve our understanding of DBP generation and control measures. As human activities, population growth, and climate change increase halide levels in drinking water (which can, in turn, promote formation of BrX), the importance of understanding bromination processes will be particularly acute. Increased understanding of DBP chemistry will promote societally relevant outcomes, notably the sustainability of drinking water supplies as well as environmental stewardship of other disinfected aqueous systems (e.g., wastewater, ballast water, desalination systems, and swimming pools). The educational component of this project will involve an interdisciplinary K-12 outreach program, entitled "The Mathematics of Color and Light." This program will deliver hands-on, inquiry-based learning activities to sixth-grade math students and will emphasize concepts of light absorption and linear functions. The program will emphasize the role of bleach in water treatment. High school science students, undergraduate researchers, and K-12 teachers will serve as co-facilitators of this program. In total, this project will impact approximately 600 middle school students, 60 high school co-facilitators, several K-12 teachers, and 12 undergraduate students over five years.

标题：职业：BRCL和其他高度反应性的溴化剂中的消毒水：对消毒副产品形成的影响和控制pi的名称：John D. SiveyPropossopals编号：CBET -1651536溴化物在几乎所有自然水域中都存在。当这些水在用作饮用水或游泳池之前被消毒时，溴化物可以转化为几种高反应性的溴化剂。该项目的主要目的是了解这些溴化剂如何与天然发生的有机化合物反应以产生潜在的有毒消毒副产品。在教育外展计划中，六年级数学学生将探讨线性功能如何对科学和工程至关重要。该计划的总体目标将是使用基于询问的动手水化学活动来帮助六年级的学生将他们正在学习的数学联系起来，他们正在学习与现实世界中的科学问题和职业。通常假定氯的反应性溴物种是HOBR；然而，当含有溴的水（包括BRCL，Brocl和Br2O）（统称为BRX）中，含有溴的水时，还可以很容易地形成几种溴。尽管对一系列有机化合物具有高度反应性，但BRX对形成溴化消毒副产物（DBPS）的影响很少受到关注。该项目将量化单个BRX物种对几类DBP的形成速率，产量和产品分布的影响，包括三乙二醇，卤乙酸，卤代酚和卤代酸酸。腐殖酸，天然有机物替代物和天然地表水将作为有机DBP前体的来源。实验数据将用于开发描述溴形成对DBP形成的影响的模型。通过评估溴形成对DBP形成的影响，PI将寻求提高我们对DBP生成和控制措施的理解。随着人类活动，人口的增长和气候变化增加饮用水中的卤化物水平（进而促进BRX的形成），理解溴化过程的重要性将特别急切。对DBP化学反应的了解增加将促进社会相关的结果，尤其是饮用水供应的可持续性以及对其他消毒的水系统（例如，废水，压载水，脱盐系统和游泳池）的环境管理。该项目的教育组成部分将涉及跨学科的K-12外展计划，名为“色彩与光的数学”。该计划将为六年级的数学学生提供基于询问的学习活动，并将强调光吸收和线性功能的概念。该计划将强调漂白剂在水处理中的作用。高中科学专业的学生，本科研究人员和K-12教师将担任该计划的共同利益。总的来说，该项目将影响约600名中学生，60名高中共同领导者，几位K-12老师和12名本科生五年。