LEAP-HI: Understanding and Engineering the Ecosystem of Firearms: Prevalence, Safety, and Firearm-Related Harms

LEAP-HI：了解和设计枪支生态系统：流行性、安全性和枪支相关危害

• 批准号: 1953135
• 负责人: Maurizio Porfiri
• 金额: $ 200万
• 依托单位: New York University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1953135&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LEAP; HI; Understanding; Engineering; Ecosystem

Firearm-related harms are a pressing societal problem that imperils America’s health and prosperity. The US leads high-income countries in both firearm homicide and suicide rates, with almost forty thousand firearm-related deaths in 2017, surpassing motor vehicle-related deaths for the first time. Fundamental understanding of the causal relationships among potentially contributing factors, such as firearm prevalence, state legislation, media exposure, and perceptions of firearm safety is needed. In an engineering sense, these factors are linked in complex and dynamic ways. This Leading Engineering for America's Prosperity, Health, & Infrastructure (LEAP-HI) award supports fundamental research to extend engineering methods for the understanding of the firearm ecosystem, as informed by state-of-art research in public health and social science. Through advancements in complex systems theory, data science, and hypothesis-driven experiments, the project will provide insights for improving public safety in the US. The multi-disciplinary approach will help broaden participation of undergraduate and graduate students at four urban campuses, which thrive on racial and economic diversity, and expose underserved communities to engineering education.This research will first investigate the firearm ecosystem on three different scales. On the macroscale, research will illuminate cause-and-effect relationships between firearm prevalence and firearm-related harms. On the mesoscale, the project will explore the ideological, economic, and political landscape underlying state approaches to firearm safety. On the microscale, research will delve into individual opinions about firearm safety. Next, the three scales will be integrated into a data-driven probabilistic model of the firearm ecosystem to afford predictions of the system evolution, comparative studies with other countries, and what-if analyses to improve health and prosperity in the US. This research will advance the state of knowledge in information-theoretic causality analysis, multilayer complex networks, dimensionality reduction techniques, and human-computer interactions toward an unprecedented engineering understanding of the firearm ecosystem. The techniques developed in this project will constitute a powerful toolbox that can be utilized in other engineering domains pertaining to complex systems, where there is a need for statistically-based methods to elucidate causal mechanisms underlying system dynamics and create predictive data-driven models.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

与枪支相关的危害是一个紧迫的社会问题，危及美国的健康和繁荣。美国领导着枪支凶杀率和自杀率的高收入国家，2017年与枪支相关的近四万死亡，首次超过了与机动车辆有关的死亡。需要对潜在的因素之间的因果关系的基本理解，例如枪支普遍存在，州立法，媒体暴露和对枪支安全的看法。从工程意义上讲，这些因素以复杂而动态的方式链接。正如公共卫生和社会科学领域的最先进的研究所示，这项为美国繁荣，健康和基础设施（LEAP-HI）奖（LEAP-HI）奖提供了基础研究，以扩展工程学方法，以扩展工程方法，以扩展工程学方法，这是对枪支生态系统的理解，这是为了扩展工程学方法，这是为了了解美国的繁荣，健康和基础设施奖。通过复杂系统理论，数据科学和假设驱动的实验的进步，该项目将为改善美国的公共安全提供见解。多学科的方法将有助于扩大四个城市校园的本科生和研究生的参与，这些城市校园会在种族和经济多样性上壮成长，并使服务不足的社区接触到工程教育。这项研究将首先研究三个不同规模的枪支生态系统。在宏观上，研究将阐明枪支患病率与枪支相关危害之间的因果关系。在中尺度上，该项目将探索枪支安全的理想，经济和政治格局。在微观上，研究将深入研究有关枪支安全的个人意见。接下来，这三个量表将集成到枪支生态系统的数据驱动的概率模型中，以提供对系统进化的预测，与其他国家的比较研究以及如何改善美国健康和繁荣的何种分析。这项研究将使信息理论休闲分析，多层复杂网络，降低维度降低技术和人类计算机相互作用的知识状态迈向对枪支生态系统的前所未有的工程理解。该项目中开发的技术将构成一个强大的工具箱，可以在与复杂系统有关的其他工程领域中使用，其中需要基于统计的方法来阐明基本的因果关系机制，并创建了预测数据驱动的模型。这种奖励反映了NSF的法定任务，反映了构成构成的范围，这对构成了构成的范围，这是众所周知的。

项目成果

A spatio-temporal model of firearm ownership in the United States of America

美利坚合众国枪支拥有量的时空模型

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Patterns
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: Barak-Ventura, Roni;Ruiz Marin, Manuel;Porfiri, Maurizio
• 通讯作者: Porfiri, Maurizio

Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Firearm Acquisition in the United States in Different Presidential Terms

不同总统任期内美国枪支采购的时空模式

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Chaos
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Wang, Xu;Sipahi, Rifat;Porfiri, Maurizio
• 通讯作者: Porfiri, Maurizio

What factors drive state firearm law adoption? An application of exponential-family random graph models

哪些因素推动州枪支法的通过？

• DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115103
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Social Science & Medicine
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Clark, Duncan A.;Macinko, James;Porfiri, Maurizio
• 通讯作者: Porfiri, Maurizio

Inferring directional interactions in collective dynamics: a critique to intrinsic mutual information

推断集体动态中的定向相互作用：对内在互信息的批判

• DOI: 10.1088/2632-072x/acace0
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Physics: Complexity
• 作者: De Lellis, Pietro;Ruiz Marín, Manuel;Porfiri, Maurizio
• 通讯作者: Porfiri, Maurizio

A controlled transfer entropy approach to detect asymmetric interactions in heterogeneous systems

• DOI: 10.1088/2632-072x/acde2d
• 发表时间: 2023-06-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-COMPLEXITY
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Das，Rishita;Porfiri，Maurizio
• 通讯作者: Porfiri，Maurizio