Collaborative Research: The Nature of Fire-Vegetation Relationships in Tropical Savanna-Forest Mosaics

合作研究：热带稀树草原-森林马赛克中火与植被关系的本质

基本信息

批准号：
1931232
负责人：
Joseph Veldman
金额：
$ 65.66万
依托单位：
Texas A&M AgriLife Research
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-02-01 至 2025-01-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1931232&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Nature Fire Vegetation

项目摘要

Once viewed as destructive, fire in tropical savannas is now seen as critical to the maintenance of species-diverse plant and animal communities. Indeed, scientists now recognize that while it is important to exclude fire from places where it is destructive (tropical forests), it is equally important to promote fire in places where it is beneficial (savannas). Appropriate fire management is key to conserving biodiversity and sustaining the livelihoods of people. However, little is known about how (or if) fire-promotion and fire-protection can be accomplished simultaneously. The overarching goal of this project is to reconcile the need for savanna fires with the need to protect forests from damaging wildfire. Using field and laboratory studies in savannas and forests of Bolivia, this project will establish the scientific basis for how people living in a savanna/forest matrix can use fire in an ecologically beneficial manner. Additionally, this project will provide opportunities for a doctoral student and a postdoctoral scholar to conduct international field research, and for undergraduate students to conduct laboratory analyses in the USA. To foster international educational exchange, a short course in tropical ecology and botanical field methods will be offered to students from the USA and Bolivia. A research symposium and workshop will be organized to further address the challenges of incorporating beneficial fire management into savanna and forest conservation initiatives.This research will provide the first-ever field-based test of alternative stable state theory in a tropical savanna-forest mosaic where fire-vegetation feedbacks can be isolated from the effects of soils and plant photosynthetic type. For most of the past century, in regions where the climate can support closed-canopy forests, ecologists attributed the existence of tropical savannas to edaphic conditions or human-caused deforestation. Such ideas are being replaced by a new paradigm in which savannas and forests are modelled as alternative stable states, maintained by feedbacks between plant communities and fire. This research, to be conducted across savanna-forest boundaries in Bolivia, will use vegetation and soil sampling, field experiments, remote sensing, plant microfossil identification and dating, and functional trait measurements to understand the contemporary, paleoecological, and evolutionary relationships between plant communities and fire. Results are expected to demonstrate that in the absence of external drivers, such as logging, a persistence-colonization trade-off in grasses promotes savanna flammability while constraining savanna expansion into forests.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

热带稀树草原的火灾曾经被视为具有破坏性，但现在被视为对维持物种多样性动植物群落至关重要。事实上，科学家现在认识到，虽然在具有破坏性的地方（热带森林）排除火灾很重要，但在有益的地方（稀树草原）促进火灾也同样重要。适当的火灾管理是保护生物多样性和维持人们生计的关键。然而，对于如何（或是否）同时实现促火和防火却知之甚少。该项目的总体目标是协调稀树草原火灾的需要与保护森林免受野火破坏的需要。该项目通过对玻利维亚稀树草原和森林的实地和实验室研究，将为生活在稀树草原/森林基质中的人们如何以对生态有益的方式用火奠定科学基础。此外，该项目还将为博士生和博士后学者提供进行国际实地研究的机会，并为本科生提供在美国进行实验室分析的机会。为了促进国际教育交流，将为来自美国和玻利维亚的学生提供热带生态学和植物田间方法的短期课程。将组织一次研究研讨会和讲习班，以进一步解决将有益的火灾管理纳入稀树草原和森林保护举措的挑战。这项研究将首次在热带稀树草原-森林镶嵌中对替代稳定状态理论进行实地测试，其中火灾-植被反馈可以与土壤和植物光合作用类型的影响分开。在过去一个世纪的大部分时间里，在气候可以支持封闭树冠森林的地区，生态学家将热带稀树草原的存在归因于土壤条件或人为造成的森林砍伐。这些想法正在被一种新的范式所取代，其中稀树草原和森林被建模为替代的稳定状态，通过植物群落和火灾之间的反馈来维持。这项研究将跨越玻利维亚的稀树草原-森林边界进行，将利用植被和土壤采样、实地实验、遥感、植物微化石识别和年代测定以及功能性状测量来了解植物群落之间的当代、古生态和进化关系和火。预计结果将证明，在缺乏伐木等外部驱动因素的情况下，草类中的持久性与定殖权衡会促进稀树草原的可燃性，同时限制稀树草原向森林的扩张。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被认为值得通过以下方式获得支持：使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Restoration prioritization must be informed by marginalized people

边缘化人群必须告知恢复优先顺序

DOI：
10.1038/s41586-022-04733-x
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Nature
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Fleischman, Forrest;Coleman, Eric;Fischer, Harry;Kashwan, Prakash;Pfeifer, Marion;Ramprasad, Vijay;Rodriguez Solorzano, Claudia;Veldman, Joseph W.
通讯作者：
Veldman, Joseph W.

Pitfalls of Tree Planting Show Why We Need People-Centered Natural Climate Solutions

DOI：
10.1093/biosci/biaa094
发表时间：
2020-11-01
期刊：
BIOSCIENCE
影响因子：
10.1
作者：
Fleischman, Forrest;Basant, Shishir;Veldman, Joseph W.
通讯作者：
Veldman, Joseph W.

Season of prescribed fire determines grassland restoration outcomes after fire exclusion and overgrazing

规定的火灾季节决定了防火和过度放牧后的草原恢复结果

DOI：
10.1002/ecs2.3730
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
Ecosphere
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Novak, Erin N.;Bertelsen, Michelle;Davis, Dick;Grobert, Devin M.;Lyons, Kelly G.;Martina, Jason P.;McCaw, W. Matt;O'Toole, Matthew;Veldman, Joseph W.
通讯作者：
Veldman, Joseph W.

Savannas after afforestation: Assessment of herbaceous community responses to wildfire versus native tree planting