Collaborative Research: Novel Trophic Interactions Determined by Phytochemistry, Pathogen Infection, and Parasitoids

合作研究：通过植物化学、病原体感染和寄生蜂确定的新型营养相互作用

基本信息

批准号：
1929544
负责人：
M. Deane Bowers
金额：
$ 40万
依托单位：
University of Colorado at Boulder
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-09-01 至 2024-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1929544&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Novel Trophic Interactions

项目摘要

In a rapidly changing environment, the value of understanding the complexity of species interactions cannot be overstated. This includes the formation of associations between parasites and novel hosts. This research investigates the interaction between a virus that infects butterflies on both their native food plant, or 'hostplant', and a recently adopted exotic hostplant. This newly discovered virus has unknown consequences for populations of butterflies. However, prior research suggests that the chemistry of the hostplants may have therapeutic effects. How does the outcome of viral infection on individuals and populations of Baltimore checkerspot butterflies depend on the choice of a native or exotic hostplant? The researchers also will study parasitic wasps that attack the caterpillars. Parasitic wasps may alter the entire set of interactions between the butterflies, hostplants and the virus. By understanding disease dynamics within human-altered environments, detrimental impacts on species can be mitigated. This project includes a museum exhibit on the diversity of viruses, a symposium on insect-virus ecology, and the inclusion of undergraduate and graduate student research. All consumers use a subset of the organic resources in their environment. Understanding which resources are used by a particular consumer, and the limitations of those resources, are issues that are both foundational to the ecological sciences and important for understanding rapid global environmental change. Herbivorous insects are central to general theory to understand dietary niche breadth. The relevant resources (hostplants) are discrete and experimentally tractable, and herbivorous insects are key to terrestrial ecosystem function. A relatively understudied element of dietary breadth is the process of host expansion, when new hostplants are adopted into the diet of an insect herbivore. This project takes advantage of a recently formed interaction between the Baltimore checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas phaeton, Nymphalidae) and the exotic narrow-leaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata, Plantaginaceae) to develop mathematical models for macroparasite population dynamics on a novel plant species. Predictions will be tested using laboratory and mesocosm experiments that include infection with butterfly 'enemies', a naturally-occurring pathogenic virus and parasitoid wasp, both of which attack caterpillars of the butterfly. The overarching question of this project is: Can we predict persistence of the butterfly populations from the interactions with enemies on native and exotic hostplants? While addressing this larger question, the study will improve our empirical understanding of virus and parasite ecology by investigating dose dependent effects of the pathogen, virus transmission, and caterpillar survival mediated by hostplant chemistry.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在快速变化的环境中，了解物种相互作用的复杂性的价值不能被夸大。这包括寄生虫与新型宿主之间的关联形成。这项研究调查了感染其本地食品植物或“宿主植物”的蝴蝶的病毒之间的相互作用，以及最近采用的异国情调的宿主植物。这种新发现的病毒对蝴蝶种群的后果未知。但是，先前的研究表明，宿主置植物的化学反应可能具有治疗作用。巴尔的摩Checkerspot蝴蝶对个体和人群的病毒感染结果如何取决于选择天然或异国情调的宿主植物？研究人员还将研究攻击毛毛虫的寄生黄蜂。寄生黄蜂可能会改变蝴蝶，宿主植物和病毒之间的整个相互作用。通过了解人类改变的环境中的疾病动态，可以减轻对物种的不利影响。该项目包括有关病毒多样性的博物馆展览，昆虫病毒生态学研讨会以及包括本科生和研究生研究的介绍。所有消费者在其环境中使用有机资源的子集。了解特定消费者使用了哪些资源，以及这些资源的局限性是生态科学的基础，对于理解快速的全球环境变化很重要。草食性昆虫是一般理论的核心，了解饮食生态位宽度。相关资源（宿主植物）是离散的，可以实验性的处理，而草食性昆虫是陆生生态系统功能的关键。当将新宿主植物采用到昆虫食草动物的饮食中时，饮食广度的一个相对低估的元素是宿主扩张的过程。该项目利用了最近形成的相互作用，巴尔的摩Checkerspot蝴蝶（Euphydryas Phaeton，Nymphalidae）与异国情调的窄叶花塔（Plantago lanceolata，plantaginaceae）开发数学模型，以开发用于新型植物种植的大型种群动力学的数学模型。预测将使用实验室和中验实验进行测试，其中包括蝴蝶“敌人”感染，一种天然存在的病毒病毒和寄生虫黄蜂，两者都会攻击蝴蝶的毛毛虫。这个项目的总体问题是：我们能否预测与天然和异国情调宿主的敌人相互作用中蝴蝶种群的持久性？在解决这个更大的问题的同时，这项研究将通过调查宿主置换剂化学介导的病原体，病毒传播和卡特彼勒的依赖性效果来提高我们对病毒和寄生虫生态学的经验理解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识优点和宽阔的crietia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia criperia recectia rection rection this奖项。