Are Sequestered Allelochemicals Detriments or Benefits to Wasp and Fly Parasitoids?

隔离的化感物质对黄蜂和蝇寄生蜂是有害还是有益？

• 批准号: 0614883
• 负责人: M. Deane Bowers
• 金额: $ 29.34万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-10-01 至 2011-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0614883&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Sequestered; Allelochemicals; Detriments; Benefits; Wasp

Host plant chemistry as a mediator of the interactions between plants, herbivores and the natural enemies of those herbivores is a key concept in evolutionary ecology. Recently, higher trophic levels (and therefore predation) have assumed importance in accounting for population dynamics and evolutionary relationships between plants and insects. Rigorous tests in model systems are still needed to understand the intricacies of tritrophic interactions and, in particular, to clarify the role of chemistry as a mediator of direct and indirect interactions between different trophic levels. This collaborative project will examine how the sequestration of plant chemicals mediates multi-trophic interactions with special reference to an understudied group of natural enemies, wasp and fly parasitoids. A model system of plants containing iridoid glycosides, three pairs of closely related caterpillar species - one species in each pair that does and one that does not sequester iridoid glycosides - and their wasp and fly parasitoids will be used to investigate the role of sequestered plant chemicals in herbivore-parasitoid interactions. Two sets of laboratory experiments will be initiated to examine the effects of chemical sequestration on parasitoid success. Chemical content of caterpillar diets will be manipulated by painting plant extracts onto leaves of caterpillar host plants.Broader impacts: This will be one of only a few studies to examine the role of sequestered chemicals on parasitoid success. The investigators have extensive experience training undergraduate and graduate students in all the techniques and experimental methods described in the proposal and will continue their active involvement with important training programs such as Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU), the Ecological Society of America's SEEDS program for minorities, the Louisiana Alliance for Minority Participation, the University of Colorado's Undergraduate Research Opportunities program and Summer Minority Access to Science and Technology program, and Fulbright's LASPAU program for training faculty from other countries.

宿主植物化学作为植物、食草动物和食草动物天敌之间相互作用的中介，是进化生态学中的一个关键概念。最近，更高的营养水平（以及因此的捕食）在解释植物和昆虫之间的种群动态和进化关系方面变得很重要。仍然需要在模型系统中进行严格的测试，以了解三营养级相互作用的复杂性，特别是阐明化学作为不同营养级之间直接和间接相互作用的中介者的作用。该合作项目将研究植物化学物质的封存如何介导多营养相互作用，特别是针对尚未研究的天敌、黄蜂和蝇寄生蜂。含有环烯醚萜苷的植物模型系统、三对密切相关的毛毛虫物种（每对中的一个物种会隔离环烯醚萜苷，一个不隔离环烯醚萜苷）及其黄蜂和蝇寄生蜂将用于研究隔离植物化学物质的作用食草动物与寄生生物的相互作用。将启动两组实验室实验，以检查化学隔离对拟寄生物成功的影响。通过将植物提取物涂在毛毛虫寄主植物的叶子上，可以控制毛毛虫饮食中的化学成分。更广泛的影响：这将是为数不多的研究隔离化学物质对寄生蜂成功的作用的研究之一。研究人员在培训本科生和研究生使用提案中描述的所有技术和实验方法方面拥有丰富的经验，并将继续积极参与重要的培训计划，例如本科生研究经验 (REU)、美国生态学会针对少数群体的 SEEDS 计划、路易斯安那州少数族裔参与联盟、科罗拉多大学的本科生研究机会计划和夏季少数族裔接触科学技术计划以及富布赖特的 LASPAU 计划（用于培训来自其他国家的教师）国家。