Changes in Internal Wave Driven Diapycnal Mixing

内波驱动的二重混合的变化

• 批准号: 1923558
• 负责人: Caitlin Whalen
• 金额: $ 29.27万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1923558&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Changes; Internal; Wave; Driven; Diapycnal

The oceans are the largest sink of anthropogenic warming, and a large portion of this heat is accumulating in the deep ocean. Understanding what is driving this deep warming, and how the climate system will respond to it, is vital to accurately forecasting how the ocean will take up anthropogenic heat in the future. One important process is ocean mixing between different densities (diapycnal mixing), which both depends on and directly affects heat distribution within the ocean. Yet to our knowledge there have been no studies using observations to explore how ocean mixing may be changing in response to climate change, which would directly affect how heat is taken up and stored within the ocean in the future. The ultimate goal of this study is to provide the first such observational estimate of mixing changes in the ocean over the last few decades. One undergraduate summer student will be supported on this grant, in addition to the support of an early career observationalist. Much of the mixing in the ocean interior is due to internal gravity waves whose generation, propagation, and breaking all depend on the background stratification. This background stratification evolves from changes in the temperature and salinity of the water, which vary by location in the ocean. The mixing due to internal waves is also expected to change. However, it is not known whether that will make a substantial contribution to the energy or heat budgets of the ocean. This project aims to place observational bounds on the change in mixing, addressing the questions: Where, and to what extent, is diapycnal mixing in the ocean changing on climate scales? Is this change large enough to influence abyssal heat budgets? Is the planned observational infrastructure sufficient for measuring the changes in mixing? These questions will be addressed through analysis of data collected during global repeat hydrographic surveys. Using these hydrographic sections, the investigator will explore the stratification change with time on a global scale, and link these observations to known water property changes. The change in diapycnal mixing and associated uncertainties will then be calculated over the hydrographic sections using estimates of mixing from temperature, salinity, and pressure data. Finally, the importance of these changes will be considered by applying the calculated changes in mixing to heat budgets of enclosed abyssal basins.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

海洋是人为变暖的最大水槽，大部分热量在深海中积聚。了解是什么驱动了这种深度变暖，以及气候系统将如何响应它，对于准确预测将来海洋将如何占据人为热量至关重要。一个重要的过程是海洋混合在不同的密度（二元混合）之间，这既取决于并直接影响海洋内的热分布。然而，据我们所知，尚未使用观察结果来探讨如何响应气候变化的海洋混合可能会发生变化，这将直接影响未来的热量并储存热量。这项研究的最终目的是在过去几十年中提供第一个这种观察性估计的海洋混合变化。除了早期职业观察家的支持外，还将支持一名本科夏季学生。海洋内部的大部分混合是由于内部重力波，其产生，繁殖和破裂都取决于背景分层。该背景分层是从水的温度和盐度变化而来的，水的温度和盐度随海洋中的位置而变化。由于内部波的混合也有望改变。但是，尚不清楚这是否会为海洋的能源或热预算做出重大贡献。该项目的目的是在混合的变化，解决问题的情况下施加观察性界限：在何处以及在多大程度上，海洋中的混合在气候尺度上发生变化？这种变化足以影响深渊热预算吗？计划的观察基础设施是否足以测量混合的变化？这些问题将通过分析在全球重复水文调查过程中收集的数据来解决。使用这些水文切片，研究者将随着时间的时间在全球范围内探索分层变化，并将这些观察结果与已知的水性质变化联系起来。然后，将使用温度，盐度和压力数据的混合估计来在水文切片上计算二比混合和相关的不确定性的变化。最后，通过将计算出的混合变化应用于封闭的深渊盆地的热预算，将考虑这些变化的重要性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评估来评估的审查标准。

项目成果

Spatial and Temporal Variability of Diapycnal Mixing in the Indian Ocean

• DOI: 10.1029/2021jc017257
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: K. Katsumata;L. Talley;T. A. Capuano;C. Whalen

A Parameterization of Local and Remote Tidal Mixing

• DOI: 10.1029/2020ms002065
• 发表时间: 2020-05-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
• 影响因子: 6.8
• 作者: de Lavergne, C.;Vic, C.;Hibiya, T.
• 通讯作者: Hibiya, T.

Serendipitous Internal Wave Signals in Deep Argo Data

深海 Argo 数据中偶然发现的内波信号

• DOI: 10.1029/2022gl097900
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Johnson, Gregory C.;Whalen, Caitlin B.;Purkey, Sarah G.;Zilberman, Nathalie
• 通讯作者: Zilberman, Nathalie

Abyssal Heat Budget in the Southwest Pacific Basin

西南太平洋盆地的深海热量收支

• DOI: 10.1175/jpo-d-21-0045.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Physical Oceanography
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Lele, Ratnaksha;Purkey, Sarah G.;Nash, Jonathan D.;MacKinnon, Jennifer A.;Thurnherr, Andreas M.;Whalen, Caitlin B.;Mecking, Sabine;Voet, Gunnar;Talley, Lynne D.
• 通讯作者: Talley, Lynne D.

Internal wave-driven mixing: governing processes and consequences for climate

• DOI: 10.1038/s43017-020-0097-z
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
• 影响因子: 42.1
• 作者: C. Whalen;C. de Lavergne;A. N. Naveira Garabato;J. Klymak;J. MacKinnon;K. Sheen