Collaborative Research: ARTS: Diversification in the Perennial Endemic North American (PENA) clade of Apiaceae: Defining genera and species in a major western North American radiat

合作研究：ARTS：伞​​形科常年特有北美 (PENA) 分支的多样化：定义北美西部主要辐射​​区的属和种

• 批准号: 1916885
• 负责人: James Smith
• 金额: $ 46.52万
• 依托单位: Boise State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1916885&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; ARTS; Diversification; Perennial

Aldo Leopold (1953) is often cited as saying "To keep every cog and wheel is the first precaution of intelligent tinkering" in reference to conservation. However, you first have to know what the cogs and wheels are. The Perennial Endemic North American (PENA) clade of Apiaceae is a group of ~200 species primarily from the western USA, representing one of the largest plant groups in North America. Diverse groups such as PENA complicate understanding where species boundaries are best drawn and limit implementing good conservation practices. The proposed work will utilize molecular, ecological, morphological, and climatic data to clarify the taxonomy and relationships of species within the clade and provide a revised and updated classification for this group. Web-based electronic publications that include interactive keys, as well as species pages with descriptions, images, distribution maps, and links to specimen data, will be developed. Because this study focuses on a large, diverse plant group in North America, it provides a wide range of prospects for scientific outreach and training across a broad cross section of target audiences. Students of all levels will be involved in this project. Underrepresented undergraduate and graduate students (particularly of Native American and Hispanic heritage) will be recruited to take part in field and laboratory work. Field studies in Idaho will be organized for K-12 students and their teachers, introducing them to the taxonomy, evolution, and ethnobotany of these plants. Lastly, the identification tools and species-specific environmental and ecological data generated will aid in the conservation of the many rare species found within this group. Research at broad scales has wide-ranging implications, and with this in mind, we propose to use a large, broadly distributed clade of plants, the PENA clade, to relate phenotype, ecology, geography, and climate to delimit species. Despite its size and importance in the western flora, the evolution of this group is poorly understood, a fact reflected in the artificiality of its genera. This project will develop molecular-phylogenetic hypotheses of the PENA clade using comprehensive sampling of all known species and infraspecific taxa to serve as a framework to test specific hypotheses on species delimitation and relationships congruent with morphology, ecology, geography, and climate or a combination. It will provide a revised taxonomy for the entire PENA clade and disseminate this information online in the form of electronic monographs to support effective biodiversity management and stimulate further scientific inquiry. Although the primary goal of this project is to better delimit the taxonomy and species boundaries of the PENA clade, the completion of this work will allow future studies to investigate patterns and processes of speciation, ecological interactions, community assembly and provide a greater understanding for the diversification of western North American Flora as well as the Biota that rely on that flora.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

奥尔多·利奥波德 (Aldo Leopold，1953) 在谈到保护时经常被引用说“保留每个齿轮和轮子是智能修补的首要预防措施”。然而，您首先必须知道齿轮和轮子是什么。伞形科多年生北美特有 (PENA) 分支是一个由约 200 个物种组成的类群，主要来自美国西部，代表北美最大的植物类群之一。 PENA 等不同的团体使人们对划定物种边界的最佳位置的理解变得复杂，并限制了良好保护措施的实施。拟议的工作将利用分子、生态、形态和气候数据来阐明分支内物种的分类和关系，并为该群体提供修订和更新的分类。将开发基于网络的电子出版物，其中包括交互式密钥以及带有描述、图像、分布图和样本数据链接的物种页面。由于这项研究重点关注北美的一个大型、多样化的植物群，因此它为广大目标受众的科学推广和培训提供了广泛的前景。各个级别的学生都将参与这个项目。代表性不足的本科生和研究生（特别是美洲原住民和西班牙裔学生）将被招募参加实地和实验室工作。将为 K-12 学生及其老师组织在爱达荷州的实地研究，向他们介绍这些植物的分类学、进化和民族植物学。最后，所生成的识别工具和特定物种的环境和生态数据将有助于保护该群体中发现的许多稀有物种。 大规模的研究具有广泛的影响，考虑到这一点，我们建议使用一个大的、分布广泛的植物进化枝，即 PENA 进化枝，将表型、生态、地理和气候联系起来，以界定物种。尽管该类群在西方植物区系中规模庞大且重要，但人们对它的进化却知之甚少，这一事实反映在其属的人为性上。该项目将通过对所有已知物种和种下类群的全面采样，开发 PENA 分支的分子系统发育假说，作为测试有关物种界定和与形态学、生态学、地理和气候或其组合一致的关系的具体假设的框架。它将为整个 PENA 分支提供修订后的分类法，并以电子专着的形式在线传播这些信息，以支持有效的生物多样性管理并刺激进一步的科学探究。尽管该项目的主要目标是更好地界定 PENA 分支的分类学和物种边界，但这项工作的完成将使未来的研究能够调查物种形成、生态相互作用、群落组装的模式和过程，并为北美西部植物区系以及依赖该植物区系的生物群的多样化。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。