Collaborative Research: Extreme Rainfall in Urban Environments

合作研究：城市环境中的极端降雨

• 批准号: 1522492
• 负责人: James Smith
• 金额: $ 28.31万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-15 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1522492&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Extreme; Rainfall; Urban

In this study, the impacts of urbanization on extreme rainfall and flooding will be examined through a combination of intercomparison studies of rainfall and flooding from a diverse sample of urban watersheds in the US and through modeling studies of extreme rainfall and flooding. The principal question that will be addressed in this study is: How does urbanization alter the regional hydroclimatology of extreme rainfall and flooding? Research will be organized around questions that address urbanization impacts on the climatology of extreme rainfall and questions that address urbanization impacts on flood response in urban watersheds. Questions that focus on urbanization and extreme rainfall are the following: How does urbanization alter the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall from flood-producing storm systems? What are the characteristic life cycles of storm systems that produce flash floods in urban regions? How do land - water boundaries and complex terrain interact with the urban environment to control the regional distribution of extreme rainfall? Questions that focus on urbanization and extreme flooding are the following: How does urbanization alter the population of storm systems that are responsible for extreme flooding? How does the pattern of urban development, along with the space-time structure of rainfall, determine the scale-dependent flood response of urban watersheds?Intellectual merit:The research is designed to provide a predictive understanding of the impacts of urbanization on extreme rainfall and flooding. Urban environments represent an especially interesting and important setting for examining spatial heterogeneities in hydrometeorological processes. Urban environments also present a challenging setting for characterizing regional climate change and the research will contribute to a broader understanding of nonstationarities in extreme rainfall and flooding.Broader impacts:This project, which is a collaborative effort of research groups from Princeton and Purdue, will train graduate students and provide the resources and infrastructure for undergraduate students to carry out independent research projects (through Senior Thesis, Junior Independent Project and summer internships). Furthermore, the research elements of the project will be integrated throughout the undergraduate curriculum in Civil and Environmental Engineering at Princeton and at Environmental Science and Engineering as well as Meteorology and Applied Climate/Climate Change curriculum at Purdue, building on initiatives in the area of the "urban environment". Results obtained from this research will be of significant and immediate interest, not only to hydrologists, climate scientists and atmospheric scientists but also to a wide range of end users, including emergency management offices, urban planning programs and flood forecasting offices. The research will be translated into training material, which will be targeted for developing the education and workforce needs of sustainable science researchers and educators. Work with the Indiana State Climate Service Team and Purdue's Land Use Team to develop and disseminate training and outreach material will be carried out.

在这项研究中，将通过对降雨和洪水的比较研究的结合来检查城市化对极端降雨和洪水的影响，并通过多种多样的城市流域样本以及对极端降雨和洪水进行建模研究的洪水研究。 这项研究将要解决的主要问题是：城市化如何改变极端降雨和洪水的区域氢化气候学？将围绕解决城市化影响极端降雨的气候的问题进行研究，以及解决城市化影响城市流域洪水反应的问题。 集中于城市化和极端降雨的问题如下：城市化如何改变产生洪水的风暴系统的降雨的空间和时间分布？在城市地区产生山洪泛滥的风暴系统的特征生命周期是什么？土地 - 水边界和复杂的地形如何与城市环境相互作用，以控制极端降雨的区域分布？集中于城市化和极端洪水的问题如下：城市化如何改变导致极端洪水的风暴系统的人群？城市发展的模式以及降雨的时空结构如何决定城市流域的规模依赖洪水反应？知识分子：研究旨在提供对城市化对极端降雨和洪水的影响的预测理解。城市环境代表了检查水文学过程中空间异质性的一个特别有趣且重要的环境。城市环境还提出了一个具有挑战性的环境，以表征区域气候变化，这项研究将有助于对极端降雨和洪水中的非平稳性更广泛地理解。Broader的影响：该项目是普林斯顿大学和普渡大学的研究小组的一项协作努力，将培训研究生的学生，并为跨学业学生提供培训的资源和基金会，以培训独立的研究生，从而通过班级进行独立的研究（通过研究生兼研究）（通过小型研究生）（通过）培训（通过）。此外，该项目的研究要素将在普林斯顿，环境科学和工程学以及气象学和应用气候/气候变化课程的普林斯顿民事和环境工程的本科课程中融合，并在“城市环境”领域建立了基于倡议的气候/气候变化课程。从这项研究中获得的结果将引起重大和直接的兴趣，不仅对水文学家，气候科学家和大气科学家，而且对包括应急管理办公室，城市规划计划和洪水预测办公室在内的广泛最终用户。该研究将被转化为培训材料，该材料将针对发展可持续科学研究人员和教育工作者的教育和劳动力需求。将与印第安纳州的气候服务团队和普渡大学的土地使用团队合作，以开发和传播培训和外展材料。

项目成果

Strange Floods: The Upper Tail of Flood Peaks in the United States

• DOI: 10.1029/2018wr022539
• 发表时间: 2018-09
• 期刊: Water Resources Research
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: J. Smith;Alexander A. Cox;M. Baeck;Long Yang;P. Bates

Urban Impacts on Extreme Monsoon Rainfall and Flooding in Complex Terrain

城市对复杂地形极端季风降雨和洪水的影响

• DOI: 10.1029/2019gl083363
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Yang, Long;Smith, James;Niyogi, Dev
• 通讯作者: Niyogi, Dev

Regional Impacts of Urban Irrigation on Surface Heat Fluxes and Rainfall in Central Arizona

• DOI: 10.1029/2018jd030213
• 发表时间: 2019-06
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Yan Yang;J. Smith;Long Yang;M. Baeck;G. Ni

Flash Flood–Producing Storm Properties in a Small Urban Watershed

• DOI: 10.1175/jhm-d-16-0070.1
• 发表时间: 2016-10
• 期刊: Journal of Hydrometeorology
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Brianne K. Smith;J. Smith;M. Baeck

Storm Catalog‐Based Analysis of Rainfall Heterogeneity and Frequency in a Complex Terrain

• DOI: 10.1029/2018wr023567
• 发表时间: 2019-03
• 期刊: Water Resources Research
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Zhengzheng Zhou;J. Smith;D. Wright;M. Baeck;Long Yang;Shu-guang Liu