RESEARCH-PGR: Transdisciplinary Comparative Analyses of Halophytic and Glycophytic Grasses to Reveal Novel Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance

研究-PGR：盐生草和糖生草的跨学科比较分析，揭示耐盐性的新机制

基本信息

批准号：
1915919
负责人：
Katrien Devos
金额：
$ 129.88万
依托单位：
University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-10-01 至 2024-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1915919&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
RESEARCH PGR Transdisciplinary Comparative Analyses

项目摘要

Soil salinity is an increasing problem worldwide, and greatly limits crop production. Most crop plants are salt sensitive (glycophytes), and breeding for improved salt tolerance has met with limited success. A small percentage of flowering plants, however, can complete their life cycle under saline conditions, and are considered halophytes. Some halophytes are closely related to salt-sensitive crop plants and an investigation of the genetic, morphological, physiological and biochemical differences between glycophytic crops and their halophytic relatives may identify novel mechanisms that can be used to increase the salt tolerance of crops. Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that glycophytic species related to halophytes may already have most of the basic machinery needed for salt tolerance. This project will focus on the halophytic turfgrasses seashore paspalum and zoysiagrass, which have leaf adaptations that allow plants to sequester and/or excrete salt, and their salt-sensitive relatives sorghum and finger millet, two cereal crops. Understanding the genetics behind salt-adaptations in halophytes will ultimately find applications in breeding for enhanced salt tolerance. Furthermore, the project will be used as a vehicle to train graduate and undergraduate students, and to introduce 6-12 graders to inquiry-based learning and instill in them a passion for plant science. The project builds on the results of preliminary studies that identified structural adaptations on the leaf surface as well as the presence of novel sulfated glycans as hallmarks of the halophytic grass seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum). Combining element mapping, MALDI-mass spectrometry imaging, and biochemical, physiological and genetic analyses in halophytic and glycophytic grasses belonging to two taxonomic groups, the Panicoideae and Chloridoidea, the project aims to investigate (1) whether sulfate is essential to halophytic growth under high salt; (2) whether ions (e.g. Na+, K+) and sulfur-containing compounds accumulate differentially in halophytes and glycophytes; (3) the composition and biosynthetic route of sulfated glycan; (4) the role of leaf adaptations in salt tolerance of halophytes; and (5) the genes involved in these structural and biochemical adaptations. The comparative analyses between halophytes and glycophytic relatives within taxonomic groups represent a novel approach to identify traits that contribute to salt tolerance.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

土壤盐度是全球越来越多的问题，并且极大地限制了农作物的生产。大多数农作物植物对盐敏感（糖菌），可提高耐盐性的繁殖取得了有限的成功。然而，一小部分开花植物可以在盐分条件下完成其生命周期，并被视为盐植物。一些盐植物与盐敏感的作物植物密切相关，并研究了糖化作物及其盐生植物之间的遗传，形态学，生理和生化差异，可能会鉴定出可用于增加作物盐耐受性的新型机制。此外，已经假设，与盐植物有关的糖含量可能已经具有耐盐性耐受所需的大多数基本机械。该项目将集中于盐光草皮草和Zoysiagrass，它们具有叶片的适应性，可允许植物隔离和/或排泄盐，以及其盐敏感的亲戚高粱和手指小米，两种谷物作物。了解盐植物中盐适应的遗传学最终将在繁殖方面发现用于增强盐耐受性的应用。此外，该项目将被用作培训毕业生和本科生的工具，并向6至12年级的学生介绍基于查询的学习，并向他们灌输对植物科学的热情。该项目建立在初步研究的结果上，该研究确定了叶片表面的结构适应以及新型硫化甘氨酸作为盐光草海岸paspalum（paspalum caginatum）的标志。结合元素映射，MALDI-MAS谱学成像以及属于两个分类学组的卤化和糖化草的生化，生理和遗传分析，该项目的旨在研究（1）硫酸盐是否对硫酸盐在高盐中是否至关重要。（2）离子（例如Na+，K+）和含硫化合物是否在盐植物和糖植物中差异化；（3）硫酸聚糖的组成和生物合成途径；（4）叶片适应在盐植物的耐盐性中的作用；（5）这些结构和生化适应的基因。分类学群体中卤素与糖植物亲戚之间的比较分析代表了一种新的方法，可以识别有助于耐盐的特征。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准通过评估来评估的。