Collaborative Proposal: Testing mechanisms and consequences of W chromosome turnover in a dynamic plant system

合作提案：测试动态植物系统中 W 染色体更新的机制和后果

• 批准号: 1912180
• 负责人: Tia-Lynn Ashman
• 金额: $ 79万
• 依托单位: University of Pittsburgh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1912180&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; Testing; mechanisms; consequences

This research will test theories of the evolution of the genes and chromosomes that determine whether individuals are male or female. The project will identify processes that lead to changes in the chromosomal location of sex-determining genes in wild ancestors of the cultivated strawberry. The work will advance our knowledge of how these changes affect gene function and whole-plant growth and reproduction. Understanding how genes are arranged on chromosomes will expanding our knowledge of the effects of varied gene location on flower and fruit development, and will inform agricultural practices that ensure food security. Educational and outreach activities will bring knowledge gained by this research to the general public, and contribute to curriculum development for middle school and high school students.Genetic determination of sex is widespread across eukaryotes and the evolutionary dynamics can transcend wide taxonomic boundaries. Changes in either the chromosome pair that determines sex or the location of the sex-determining genes can be an important driver of phenotypic dimorphism, adaptive variation, and speciation. The research will test four leading hypothesized mechanisms for, and phenotypic consequences of, turnover in the W chromosome. The work will leverage the octoploid wild strawberry (Fragaria) where translocation-based turnover has been observed, enabling tests of predicted patterns of genomic fingerprints (changes in linkage disequilibrium and function polymorphisms) characteristic of each turnover mechanism. The work will use a combination of high-throughput sequencing, molecular evolutionary analysis, genetic linkage mapping, transcriptomics, and phenotypic assessment. The research will provide insight into a key dynamic of chromosomal evolution and shed light on a genomic restructuring mechanism that also underlies the evolution of other supergenes affecting complex phenotypes, adaptation, and speciation. The work will contribute to society by expanding knowledge of the effects of chromosomal rearrangement on ecological tolerances in important wild relatives of the cultivated strawberry.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项研究将测试确定个体是男性还是女性的基因和染色体的进化理论。该项目将确定导致性别确定基因染色体位置变化的过程中，在栽培草莓的野生祖先中。这项工作将促进我们对这些变化如何影响基因功能以及全植物生长和繁殖的知识。了解基因在染色体上的排列方式将扩大我们对各种基因位置对花和水果发育影响的影响，并将为确保粮食安全的农业实践提供信息。教育和宣传活动将把这项研究的知识带给公众，并为中学和高中生的课程发展做出贡献。对性别的基因确定在真核生物之间是广泛的，而进化动态可以超越广泛的分类学界限。决定性别的染色体对的变化或性别确定基因的位置可能是表型二态性，适应性变化和物种形成的重要驱动力。这项研究将测试W染色体中营业额的四种主要假设机制和表型后果。这项工作将利用观察到基于易位的营业额的章鱼野生草莓（Fragaria），从而实现了每种周转率机制的基因组指纹模式（链接不平衡和功能多态性的变化）的预测模式的测试。这项工作将结合使用高通量测序，分子进化分析，遗传链接映射，转录组学和表型评估。这项研究将洞悉染色体进化的关键动态，并阐明基因组重组机制，该机制也构成了其他影响复杂表型，适应和物种形成的超级基因的演变的基础。这项工作将通过扩大染色体重排对耕种草莓重要野生亲戚生态公差的影响的了解来为社会做出贡献。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准通过评估来进行评估的。