Hawaii Ocean Time-series -- Life Aquatic in the Volcanic Aftermath (HOT-LAVA), RAPID Response Research to the 2018 Kilauea Eruption

夏威夷海洋时间序列——火山后果中的水生生物 (HOT-LAVA)，对 2018 年基拉韦厄火山喷发的快速响应研究

• 批准号: 1842012
• 负责人: David Karl
• 金额: $ 18.49万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1842012&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Hawaii; Ocean; Time; series; Life

Kilauea volcano began an eruption in May 2018. This project would mount a rapid response effort to understand how iron and phosphorus in the volcanic ash acts as fertilizer for ocean ecosystems. The investigators propose to conduct an oceanographic expedition to the regions east of Kapoho Bay and west (downwind) of the summit to collect samples and conduct experiments that will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the marine biogeochemistry of the 2018 Kilauea eruption. This project will complement the ongoing long-term observations at the NSF-supported Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) Station ALOHA. The eruption of Kilauea is much more than a major geological event. It is an issue of local and global societal interest and has attracted significant interest and press coverage. The investigators plan to engage the public about the interactions of land and sea, and more broadly hope to promote a greater understanding of science. This will be achieved through interviews for public radio and other news outlets, through blogs and web-based information about the expedition, and by the publication and dissemination of knowledge gained through this study. The proposed study will include: (1) satellite-based observations of ash plume trajectories, dispersion, and deposition, (2) analysis of collected ash samples, and ash-seawater leaching and incubation studies to determine the effects of simulated ash deposition on a variety of microbial rates and processes, (3) field observations and sample collections at the lava-seawater contact zone near Kapoho Bay and in the ash deposition region downwind of Halema'uma'u, west of the island of Hawaii, and (4) deployment of an autonomous long-term (3-month) experiment consisting of a Wave Glider and a Seaglider working in a coordinated manner to record processes that occur over time as the ecosystem responds to the wet and dry deposition of volcanic ash over larger spatial and longer temporal scales. The region will be revisited approximately 2-3 months after the initial survey to obtain a second set of observations and to recover the autonomous vehicles. Incubation experiments will also be conducted at the HOT program Station ALOHA where NSF has supported a benchmark site for assessing ocean variability over the past three decades. Based on the long-term observations at Station ALOHA, the investigators have established an inextricable linkage between iron and phosphorus dynamics, and the controls on nitrogen fixation and particle export. Studies of the response of microbial communities to the Kilauea eruption will improve understanding of oceanic processes at Station ALOHA and lead to better carbon cycle models for the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

基拉韦厄火山于 2018 年 5 月开始喷发。该项目将开展快速响应工作，以了解火山灰中的铁和磷如何充当海洋生态系统的肥料。研究人员提议对卡波霍湾以东和山顶以西（顺风）的地区进行海洋考察，收集样本并进行实验，从而更全面地了解 2018 年基拉韦厄火山喷发的海洋生物地球化学。该项目将补充 NSF 支持的夏威夷海洋时间序列 (HOT) 站 ALOHA 正在进行的长期观测。 基拉韦厄火山的喷发不仅仅是一次重大地质事件。这是一个引起当地和全球社会关注的问题，并引起了极大的兴趣和媒体报道。研究人员计划让公众了解陆地和海洋的相互作用，并希望更广泛地促进对科学的更深入理解。这将通过公共广播电台和其他新闻媒体的采访、有关这次探险的博客和网络信息以及通过本研究获得的知识的出版和传播来实现。拟议的研究将包括：（1）基于卫星的火山灰羽流轨迹、扩散和沉积观测，（2）对收集到的火山灰样本进行分析，以及火山灰-海水浸出和孵化研究，以确定模拟火山灰沉积对火山灰的影响。各种微生物速率和过程，(3) 在卡波霍湾附近的熔岩-海水接触区和夏威夷岛西部哈勒马乌马乌顺风的火山灰沉积区进行现场观察和样品采集， (4) 部署一个自主的长期（3 个月）实验，由波浪滑翔机和海洋滑翔机组成，以协调的方式工作，记录生态系统对火山灰干湿沉积作出反应时随时间推移发生的过程在更大的空间和更长的时间尺度上。初步调查后大约 2-3 个月将重新访问该地区，以获得第二组观察结果并回收自动驾驶车辆。孵化实验也将在 HOT 项目 ALOHA 站进行，美国国家科学基金会在过去三十年中一直支持该站建立一个评估海洋变化的基准站点。根据 ALOHA 站的长期观察，研究人员在铁和磷动力学与固氮和颗粒输出控制之间建立了不可分割的联系。研究微生物群落对基拉韦厄火山喷发的反应将增进对 ALOHA 站海洋过程的了解，并为贫营养的北太平洋提供更好的碳循环模型。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

Kīlauea lava fuels phytoplankton bloom in the North Pacific Ocean

卡劳埃亚熔岩助长了北太平洋浮游植物的繁殖

• DOI: 10.1126/science.aax4767
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Science
• 影响因子: 56.9
• 作者: Wilson, Samuel T.;Hawco, Nicholas J.;Armbrust, E. Virginia;Barone, Benedetto;Björkman, Karin M.;Boysen, Angela K.;Burgos, Macarena;Burrell, Timothy J.;Casey, John R.;DeLong, Edward F.
• 通讯作者: DeLong, Edward F.