RoL: FELS: RAISE: Rules That Govern Seasonal Migration of Birds Through the Air

RoL：FELS：RAISE：管理鸟类空中季节性迁徙的规则

• 批准号: 1840230
• 负责人: Jeffrey Kelly
• 金额: $ 99.97万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1840230&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RoL; FELS; RAISE; Rules; Govern

Each year in the Northern Hemisphere, birds, bats, and insects fly north in spring and south in autumn. These aerial migrations have fascinated people for millennia; however, given the difficulty of tracking animals flying through the open skies, little is known about the rules that govern life in the air. Human activities have local and global impacts on these migrations by eliminating stopover habitats where migrants rest and refuel during their hazardous journeys and by altering atmospheric conditions. This project asks whether aerial migrants can keep pace with these rapid changes and what traits make some migrants more adaptable to change than others. The collaborative team of biologists and meteorologists will develop and employ advanced animal tracking methods to reveal both the precise locations of birds during migratory flights and the atmospheric conditions they fly through. This tracking will include novel microsensors placed on birds and aerial vehicles to collect heretofore-elusive data streams that reveal the environment experienced by birds in flight. The research team will combine these new observations with weather radar data from across the U.S. that already captures massive quantities of data on migrating birds, bats, and insects as they fly over the countryside. This combination of new and existing data may yield novel insights into migrant behavior within their changing atmospheric habitats. By bringing together scientists across disciplines, this research will develop and test different ways to enhance communication, collaboration, and teamwork among the next generation of students and their teachers. Finally, this project will communicate to the public how the changing environment influences the timing of migration over and through their communities. Workshops in schools and community centers and work with local landowners will foster "citizen science" and adaptive strategies to contribute to this national effort. To uncover scaling rules that control phenology of life in the air, this study implements a research framework that integrates the spatiotemporal rescaling hypothesis and the metabolic theory of ecology. From this basis the study predicts that seasonal phenology of aerial migration is accelerating in response to environmental changes and that small-bodied migrants should have a greater capacity to speed up migration than larger-bodied migrants. The project studies the central flyway of North America and focuses on the impact of the central plains low-level jet on aerial migration patterns. The low-level jet is a prominent feature of the North American atmosphere to which many aerial migrants are known to be highly adapted. Recent evidence that the low-level jet is both expanding in geographic scope and intensity provides an ideal context for testing the study's predictions. The project team will leverage existing open-access and newly collected data from two coincident aerial migration systems; nocturnal bird and insect migration. Sensors for tracking location and atmospheric conditions will be placed on migratory birds that span two orders of magnitude in body size. Integrated biological and meteorological data will be used to improve our understanding of the rescaling of the low-level jet and to test predictions about how that rescaling impacts the phenology of life in the air.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

每年，在北半球，鸟类、蝙蝠和昆虫都会在春季向北飞行，在秋季向南飞行。几千年来，这些空中迁徙一直让人们着迷。然而，由于追踪在开阔天空中飞行的动物非常困难，人们对空中生命的管理规则知之甚少。人类活动通过消除移民在危险旅程中休息和补充能量的中途栖息地以及改变大气条件，对这些移民产生局部和全球影响。该项目询问空中移民是否能够跟上这些快速变化的步伐，以及哪些特征使一些移民比其他移民更能适应变化。由生物学家和气象学家组成的合作团队将开发并采用先进的动物追踪方法，以揭示鸟类在迁徙飞行中的精确位置以及它们飞行时经过的大气条件。这种跟踪将包括放置在鸟类和飞行器上的新型微传感器，以收集迄今为止难以捉摸的数据流，从而揭示鸟类在飞行中所经历的环境。研究小组将把这些新的观测结果与美国各地的气象雷达数据结合起来，这些数据已经捕获了有关飞越乡村的候鸟、蝙蝠和昆虫的大量数据。新数据和现有数据的结合可能会对迁徙者在不断变化的大气栖息地中的行为产生新的见解。通过汇集跨学科的科学家，这项研究将开发和测试不同的方法来加强下一代学生及其教师之间的沟通、协作和团队合作。最后，该项目将向公众传达不断变化的环境如何影响社区内的移民时间。 在学校和社区中心举办的讲习班以及与当地土地所有者的合作将促进“公民科学”和适应性战略，为这项国家努力做出贡献。为了揭示控制空气中生命物候的尺度规则，本研究实施了一个整合时空尺度假设和生态学代谢理论的研究框架。在此基础上，该研究预测，空中迁徙的季节性物候正在随着环境变化而加速，并且体型较小的迁徙者应该比体型较大的迁徙者具有更大的加速迁徙的能力。该项目研究北美中部飞行路线，重点研究中部平原低空急流对空中迁徙模式的影响。低空急流是北美大气的一个显着特征，众所周知，许多空中移民都高度适应这种大气。最近的证据表明，低空急流的地理范围和强度都在扩大，为检验该研究的预测提供了理想的背景。项目团队将利用现有的开放获取数据和从两个同时发生的空中迁徙系统新收集的数据；夜间鸟类和昆虫迁徙。用于跟踪位置和大气条件的传感器将被放置在体型大两个数量级的候鸟身上。综合生物和气象数据将用于提高我们对低空急流重新调整的理解，并测试有关重新调整如何影响空气中生命物候的预测。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被认为是值得的通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来提供支持。

项目成果

Coupling Atmospheric and Biological Remote Sensing to Investigate Boundary-Layer Evolution and Animal Flight Behavior as Affected by the 2017 North American Solar Eclipse

大气与生物遥感耦合研究受 2017 年北美日食影响的边界层演化和动物飞行行为

• DOI: 10.3390/rs12040591
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Remote Sensing
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Stepanian, Phillip M.;Wainwright, Charlotte E.
• 通讯作者: Wainwright, Charlotte E.

Declines in an abundant aquatic insect, the burrowing mayfly, across major North American waterways

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913598117
• 发表时间: 2020-02-11
• 期刊: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Stepanian, Phillip M.;Entrekin, Sally A.;Kelly, Jeffrey F.
• 通讯作者: Kelly, Jeffrey F.

Using cloud radar to investigate the effect of rainfall on migratory insect flight

利用云雷达研究降雨对迁徙昆虫飞行的影响

• DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.14023
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Methods in Ecology and Evolution
• 影响因子: 6.6
• 作者: Wainwright, Charlotte E.;Volponi, Sabrina N.;Stepanian, Phillip M.;Reynolds, Don R.;Richter, David H.
• 通讯作者: Richter, David H.

Climatic drivers of (changes in) bat migration phenology at Bracken Cave (USA)

• DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15433
• 发表时间: 2020-11-19
• 期刊: GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 11.6
• 作者: Haest, Birgen;Stepanian, Phillip M.;Bauer, Silke
• 通讯作者: Bauer, Silke

Radar Aeroecology

雷达航空生态学

• DOI: 10.3390/rs12111768
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Remote Sensing
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Kelly, Jeffrey F.;Stepanian, Phillip M.
• 通讯作者: Stepanian, Phillip M.