RoL: FELS: RAISE: Rules That Govern Seasonal Migration of Birds Through the Air

RoL：FELS：RAISE：管理鸟类空中季节性迁徙的规则

• 批准号: 1840230
• 负责人: Jeffrey Kelly
• 金额: $ 99.97万
• 依托单位: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1840230&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RoL; FELS; RAISE; Rules; Govern

Each year in the Northern Hemisphere, birds, bats, and insects fly north in spring and south in autumn. These aerial migrations have fascinated people for millennia; however, given the difficulty of tracking animals flying through the open skies, little is known about the rules that govern life in the air. Human activities have local and global impacts on these migrations by eliminating stopover habitats where migrants rest and refuel during their hazardous journeys and by altering atmospheric conditions. This project asks whether aerial migrants can keep pace with these rapid changes and what traits make some migrants more adaptable to change than others. The collaborative team of biologists and meteorologists will develop and employ advanced animal tracking methods to reveal both the precise locations of birds during migratory flights and the atmospheric conditions they fly through. This tracking will include novel microsensors placed on birds and aerial vehicles to collect heretofore-elusive data streams that reveal the environment experienced by birds in flight. The research team will combine these new observations with weather radar data from across the U.S. that already captures massive quantities of data on migrating birds, bats, and insects as they fly over the countryside. This combination of new and existing data may yield novel insights into migrant behavior within their changing atmospheric habitats. By bringing together scientists across disciplines, this research will develop and test different ways to enhance communication, collaboration, and teamwork among the next generation of students and their teachers. Finally, this project will communicate to the public how the changing environment influences the timing of migration over and through their communities. Workshops in schools and community centers and work with local landowners will foster "citizen science" and adaptive strategies to contribute to this national effort. To uncover scaling rules that control phenology of life in the air, this study implements a research framework that integrates the spatiotemporal rescaling hypothesis and the metabolic theory of ecology. From this basis the study predicts that seasonal phenology of aerial migration is accelerating in response to environmental changes and that small-bodied migrants should have a greater capacity to speed up migration than larger-bodied migrants. The project studies the central flyway of North America and focuses on the impact of the central plains low-level jet on aerial migration patterns. The low-level jet is a prominent feature of the North American atmosphere to which many aerial migrants are known to be highly adapted. Recent evidence that the low-level jet is both expanding in geographic scope and intensity provides an ideal context for testing the study's predictions. The project team will leverage existing open-access and newly collected data from two coincident aerial migration systems; nocturnal bird and insect migration. Sensors for tracking location and atmospheric conditions will be placed on migratory birds that span two orders of magnitude in body size. Integrated biological and meteorological data will be used to improve our understanding of the rescaling of the low-level jet and to test predictions about how that rescaling impacts the phenology of life in the air.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

每年在北半球，鸟类，蝙蝠和昆虫在春季和秋季向北飞行。这些空中迁移使人们着迷了几千年。但是，鉴于很难跟踪在敞开的天空中飞行的动物，因此对控制空中生命的规则知之甚少。人类的活动通过消除中途栖息地在危险旅程中休息和加油并改变大气条件，从而对这些迁移产生了本地和全球的影响。该项目询问空中移民是否可以跟上这些快速变化的步伐，哪些特征使某些移民比其他移民更适合变化。生物学家和气象学家的合作团队将开发并采用先进的动物跟踪方法，以揭示迁徙飞行过程中鸟类的确切位置以及它们飞行的大气条件。这种跟踪将包括放置在鸟类和航空车上的新型微电磁器，以收集迄今难以捉摸的数据流，这些数据流揭示了鸟类在飞行中所经历的环境。研究小组将将这些新观察结果与来自美国各地的天气雷达数据相结合，这些数据已经捕获了大量有关迁移鸟类，蝙蝠和昆虫的数据。这种新数据和现有数据的结合可能会产生对大气栖息地中移民行为的新见解。通过将科学家跨越跨学科，这项研究将开发和测试不同的方法，以增强下一代学生及其老师之间的沟通，协作和团队合作。最后，该项目将向公众沟通不断变化的环境如何影响迁移的时机和通过其社区。 学校和社区中心的讲习班以及与当地土地所有者合作将培养“公民科学”，并适应性策略为这一国家努力做出贡献。为了揭示控制空气中生命物候型的规则，本研究实现了一个研究框架，该研究框架将时空恢复假设和生态学代谢理论整合在一起。从此基础上，研究预测，响应环境变化，空中迁移的季节性物候学正在加速，而小型移民应该比大型迁徙者具有更大的加快迁移能力。该项目研究了北美的中部飞行，并着重于中部平原低级喷气机对空中迁移模式的影响。低级喷气式飞机是北美大气层的重要特征，许多空中移民被称为高度适应。最近的证据表明，低级喷气机在地理范围和强度方面都在扩展，为测试研究的预测提供了理想的背景。项目团队将利用来自两个一致的空中迁移系统的现有开放式访问和新收集的数据；夜间鸟类和昆虫迁移。跟踪位置和大气条件的传感器将放置在跨越两个数量级的候鸟上。综合生物学和气象数据将用于提高我们对低级喷气机的恢复的理解，并测试有关该恢复如何影响空气中生活物候学的预测。这项奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并认为通过使用基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响，可以通过评估来审查Criteria，并认为通过评估的支持值得。

项目成果

Coupling Atmospheric and Biological Remote Sensing to Investigate Boundary-Layer Evolution and Animal Flight Behavior as Affected by the 2017 North American Solar Eclipse

大气与生物遥感耦合研究受 2017 年北美日食影响的边界层演化和动物飞行行为

• DOI: 10.3390/rs12040591
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Remote Sensing
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Stepanian, Phillip M.;Wainwright, Charlotte E.
• 通讯作者: Wainwright, Charlotte E.

Declines in an abundant aquatic insect, the burrowing mayfly, across major North American waterways

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913598117
• 发表时间: 2020-02-11
• 期刊: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Stepanian, Phillip M.;Entrekin, Sally A.;Kelly, Jeffrey F.
• 通讯作者: Kelly, Jeffrey F.

Using cloud radar to investigate the effect of rainfall on migratory insect flight

利用云雷达研究降雨对迁徙昆虫飞行的影响

• DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.14023
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Methods in Ecology and Evolution
• 影响因子: 6.6
• 作者: Wainwright, Charlotte E.;Volponi, Sabrina N.;Stepanian, Phillip M.;Reynolds, Don R.;Richter, David H.
• 通讯作者: Richter, David H.

Climatic drivers of (changes in) bat migration phenology at Bracken Cave (USA)

• DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15433
• 发表时间: 2020-11-19
• 期刊: GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 11.6
• 作者: Haest, Birgen;Stepanian, Phillip M.;Bauer, Silke
• 通讯作者: Bauer, Silke

Radar Aeroecology

雷达航空生态学

• DOI: 10.3390/rs12111768
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Remote Sensing
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Kelly, Jeffrey F.;Stepanian, Phillip M.
• 通讯作者: Stepanian, Phillip M.