RAPID: Exploring the Dynamics and Thermodynamics of the Sun's Corona with Total Solar Eclipse Observations

RAPID：通过日全食观测探索太阳日冕的动力学和热力学

• 批准号: 1834662
• 负责人: Shadia Habbal
• 金额: $ 17.99万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-06-01 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1834662&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Exploring; Dynamics; Thermodynamics; Sun

This one-year RAPID project is aimed at improving present understanding of the dynamics and thermodynamics of the Sun's corona during total solar eclipses. Total solar eclipses continue to yield unique observing conditions, enabling an uninterrupted spatial coverage of coronal structures from the solar surface out to several solar radii. The main objective of this project is to build a state-of-the art instrument for solar eclipse observations that capitalizes on the unique diagnostic capabilities of coronal forbidden lines. These lines are best observed during total solar eclipses, and they are used to explore the dynamics and thermodynamics of the coronal plasmas within the first few solar radii above the solar surface, where the solar wind and coronal mass ejections originate and are accelerated. To achieve these science objectives, this project capitalizes on the pioneering insights achieved with the latest solar eclipse observations on 2017 Aug 21 of forbidden line emission, including imaging and spectroscopy. Knowledge gleaned from observations of the Sun's corona during the upcoming total solar eclipses on 2019 July 2 and 2020 December 14 will fill a much-needed gap in ongoing investigations of the physical processes controlling the coronal plasmas and magnetic fields. These observations will also impact the science programs to be executed by the future DKIST. The PI has been leading solar eclipse observations since 1995, and she will continue to engage and inspire women faculty, postdocs, graduate and undergraduate students, through their involvement with the unique scientific endeavors offered by the expeditions. The PI will present the results of the observations at conferences and will publish them in refereed journals. She will also share the knowledge with the general public through lectures, with emphasis on the magic of our closest star and its impact on our immediate environment. The research agenda of this RAPID project supports the Strategic Goals of the AGS Division in discovery, learning, diversity, and interdisciplinary research.The main objective of this one-year RAPID project is to build a state-of-the art instrument for solar eclipse observations that capitalizes on the unique diagnostic capabilities of coronal forbidden lines. Coronal forbidden lines are best observed during total solar eclipses, and they are used to explore the dynamics and thermodynamics of the coronal plasmas within the first few solar radii above the solar surface, where the solar wind and coronal mass ejections originate and are accelerated. Dominated by radiative excitation, emission from coronal forbidden lines in the visible and near infrared, as well as the continuum, can yield the chemical composition, temperature, density, non-thermal motions and outflows of the different constituents of the coronal plasma. Valuable insights into the dynamics and thermodynamics of the different manifestations of coronal heating processes can thus be gleaned. Recent eclipse discoveries have shown that the temperature of the outflowing plasma is dominated by 1,000,000 K, while emission from closed structures and the bulge of streamers, is at 2,000,000 K. They revealed that prominences, which are 100 times cooler and denser than the corona, are invariably enshrouded by the hottest material there, and directly linked to coronal structures, even when they erupt. Chromospheric material from prominences escapes, unaltered, with the hottest coronal material in CMEs.This project capitalizes on the pioneering insights achieved with the latest solar eclipse observations on 2017 Aug 21 of forbidden line emission, including imaging and spectroscopy. In this project, the team will build a state-of-the-art instrument that expands the wavelength coverage of the existing imaging suite of Fe IX, X, XI, XIII, and XIV emission lines by adding lines from different charge states of Ar, Ni and S. This enhances the diagnostic capabilities of the innovative imaging spectrometer to be built during this project by including the near UV and near IR wavelength ranges. The upcoming 2019 July 2 and 2020 December 14 total solar eclipses over Chile and Argentina offer an opportunity for coordinated multi-site observations, which has been successfully proven with the observations acquired during the 2017 August 21 total solar eclipse over the mainland U.S. Multi-site observations, with identical instrumentation, maximize data acquisition and enable studies of changes in coronal structures on time scales of tens of minutes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个为期一年的快速项目旨在提高对太阳日食期间太阳电晕动力学和热力学的当前理解。 太阳日食继续产生独特的观察条件，从而使从太阳能表面到几个太阳半径的冠状结构的空间覆盖不间断。 该项目的主要目的是建立一种最先进的仪器，用于太阳日食观察，该观测利用了冠状线的独特诊断能力。 这些线在总太阳能期间最好观察到，它们用于探索在太阳能表面上方的前几个太阳半径内冠状等离子体的动力学和热力学，太阳能风和冠状质量弹出起源于且加速并加速。 为了实现这些科学目标，该项目利用了2017年8月21日禁止线排放（包括成像和光谱法）的最新日食观测来实现的开创性见解。 在2019年7月2日至2020年12月14日即将到来的太阳日食中，对太阳电晕的观察得出的知识将填补急需的差距，以持续研究控制冠状等离子体和磁场的物理过程。 这些观察结果还将影响未来DKIST执行的科学计划。 自1995年以来，PI一直在领导日食观察，她将通过参与探险队提供的独特科学努力来吸引和启发女教师，博士后，研究生和本科生。 PI将在会议上提出观察结果的结果，并将其发布在被裁定的期刊上。 她还将通过讲座与公众分享知识，重点是我们最亲密的恒星的魔力及其对我们的直接环境的影响。 该快速项目的研究议程支持了AGS部门在发现，学习，多样性和跨学科研究方面的战略目标。该一年快速项目的主要目标是建立一种最先进的日食观察工具，以利用冠状冠型禁止线的独特诊断能力来利用。 最好在太阳日食期间观察到冠状禁止线，并用于探索太阳能表面上方前几个太阳半径内太阳风和冠状质量弹出的动力学和热力学，太阳风和冠状质量驱逐起源并加速了。 以辐射激发为主，可见的和近红外的冠状线不受禁止的线以及连续体的发射可以产生冠状色素不同成分的化学成分，温度，密度，非热运动和流出。 因此，可以收集对冠状加热过程不同表现的动力学和热力学的宝贵见解。 最近的Eclipse发现表明，流出的血浆的温度由1,000,000 K支配，而封闭的结构和凸出的流液的发射为2,000,000 k。他们透露，比电晕凉爽100倍的突出声始终被那里的热点链接到Coron的结构。 CMES中最热的冠状材料从隆起逃脱的色球材料逃脱。该项目利用了2017年8月21日禁止线排放的最新太阳日食观测来实现的开创性见解，包括成像和光谱。 在这个项目中，团队将建立一种最先进的工具，通过将AR，NI和S的不同电荷状态添加来自AR，NI和S的不同电荷状态，扩大了Fe IX，X，XI，XI，XIII和XIV发射线的现有成像套件的波长覆盖范围，从而增强了创新成像仪的诊断能力，从而在此项目中构建了附近的IRVEAFF在附近的IR-IR-IR-IR-IR构建的IR w。 The upcoming 2019 July 2 and 2020 December 14 total solar eclipses over Chile and Argentina offer an opportunity for coordinated multi-site observations, which has been successfully proven with the observations acquired during the 2017 August 21 total solar eclipse over the mainland U.S. Multi-site observations, with identical instrumentation, maximize data acquisition and enable studies of changes in coronal structures on time scales of tens of minutes.This奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准评估值得支持。