Multi-site Observations of the 2017 Eclipse Across America

2017 年全美日食的多地点观测

• 批准号: 1733542
• 负责人: Shadia Habbal
• 金额: $ 7.5万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1733542&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Multi; site; Observations; 2017; Eclipse; Multi; site; Observations; 2017; Eclipse

This project will support astronomical observations of the 2017 Great American eclipse that will track across the United States on August 21, 2017. Total solar eclipse crossings of the United States are extremely rare events; the last time a total solar eclipse crossed the Continental U.S. from coast to coast was June 18, 1918. Eclipses offer a unique scientific opportunity to study the corona of the Sun. The corona is the outer atmosphere of the Sun, which although very hot (3-4 million degrees F), is very faint when compared to the light from the solar disk. During a total solar eclipse the moon blocks the light from the solar disk allowing scientists to study this tenuous corona where many of the phenomena collectively known as space weather are generated. This project will observe the 2017 eclipse from three different vantage points separated by hundreds of miles in order to minimize the risks due to weather and to maximize the potential science. The project involves the training of students and the PI has a proven track record of reaching out to the public regarding eclipse science. This project will take advantage of this total solar eclipse to perform spectral line observations of the solar corona from its base out to a distance of 8 solar radii. This lower region of the solar corona is inaccessible to current ground and space-based facilities. The project will explore the physical properties of the coronal plasma in the source regions of the solar wind and potentially study any coronal mass ejections that might occur during the observations. To perform the observations the PI will use three identically instrumented telescope sites separated by hundreds of miles to observe the eclipse. The telescopes will be equipped with triple-channel imaging spectrometers with channels centered on coronal emission lines of Fe X 637.4 nm, FE XI 789.2 nm and Fe XIV 530.3 nm with a bandpass of 70 nm for each channel. This will provide information on the continuum light and line emission from elements like Iron (Fe), Argon (Ar) and Nickel (Ni). These will be the first ever observations of the spectral lines of Ar X, Ar XI, Ar XIII, Fe XV, Ni XIII and Ni XV. The project also offers a unique opportunity of education and outreach that will have lasting effects on STEM education well beyond the 2017 event. Students from PI's institution will be engaged in solar physics and astronomy research and education. The project will, thus, serve to inspire and train the next generation of astronomers. In addition the PI has been an outspoken advocate for solar physics and eclipse science.

该项目将支持2017年美国伟大日食的天文观察，该观察将于2017年8月21日在美国各地追踪美国。 1918年6月18日，上一次太阳日食从美国大陆越过美国大陆。日食为研究太阳的电晕提供了独特的科学机会。 与太阳能磁盘的光相比，电晕是太阳的外部气氛，尽管非常热（3-400万度）非常微弱。 在整个日食期间，月亮会阻挡太阳盘的光，使科学家可以研究这种脆弱的电晕，许多现象集体被称为太空天气。 该项目将观察到2017年的日食，从三个不同的优势点隔开了数百英里，以最大程度地降低由于天气而导致的风险并最大程度地提高潜在科学。 该项目涉及对学生的培训，PI具有与公众有关Eclipse Science接触的可靠记录。 该项目将利用这种总太阳日食来对太阳电晕的光谱线观测到从其底座到8个太阳半径的距离。 太阳能电晕的较低区域无法在当前的地面和空间设施中访问。该项目将探索太阳风源区域中冠状血浆的物理特性，并可能研究观测过程中可能发生的任何冠状质量弹出。 为了执行观察结果，PI将使用三个相同仪器的望远镜站点，分别为数百英里来观察日食。 望远镜将配备三通道成像光谱仪，并以Fe X 637.4 nm的冠状发射线为中心，Fe XI 789.2 nm和Fe XIV 530.3 nm，带有70 nm的带通通道。 这将提供有关诸如铁（Fe），氩（AR）和镍（NI）等元素的连续光和线排放的信息。 这些将是对Ar X，Ar XI，Ar XIII，Fe XV，Ni XIII和Ni XV的光谱线的第一个观察结果。 该项目还提供了一个独特的教育和外展机会，这将对2017年活动以外的STEM教育产生持久影响。 PI机构的学生将从事太阳能物理学和天文学研究和教育。 因此，该项目将激发和训练下一代天文学家。 此外，PI是太阳能物理和日食科学的直言不讳的拥护者。