Collaborative Research: RAPID: Capturing a critical transition in fungal wood endophyte communities by rapid-response sampling post-hurricane in Puerto Rico.

合作研究：RAPID：通过波多黎各飓风后的快速响应采样，捕捉木材真菌内生菌群落的关键转变。

• 批准号: 1822081
• 负责人: Skip Van Bloem
• 金额: $ 3.15万
• 依托单位: Clemson University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-04-01 至 2020-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1822081&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; RAPID; Capturing; critical

Endophytes are organisms that live inside plants. These inhabitants were long invisible to scientists studying plants, but with the advancement of DNA-based assessment tools, researchers have discovered an increasing diversity of organisms that reside inside healthy plants. Endophytes include hundreds of microbial species (bacteria and fungi) that live in healthy wood inside standing trees. Some provide benefits to the host tree, but others, particularly fungi, may attack and/or weaken trees (pathogens) or may try to get a head start decomposing wood (saprotrophs). In addition, there are many microbes present as endophytes with functions that have yet to be determined. Determining these functions is a critical need for predicting the risk of tree hazards, and for modeling rates of decomposition and carbon released once a tree dies. Accurately predicting wood decay is difficult and presents a significant uncertainty in carbon cycle models. To improve predictive power, it is necessary to model a key transition that occurs when a tree dies a natural death, killing many endophytes but exposing a payoff to others that rise to dominate these subsequent microbial communities, particularly saprotrophs. This research makes use of a natural disturbance event, the great deal of tree damage created by Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico, to study how endophytes shape the fungal decomposition communities that develop post-disturbance. With this knowledge, it is possible not only to improve decomposition models but also better predict endophyte success, an asset for predicting tree hazard risks in future hurricanes. The project also offers opportunities for STEM training of several female team members, including Puerto Rican collaborators affected by Hurricane Maria. It will also lead to production of a public video describing the science, the scientists, and the role of endophytes in tree hazards and decomposition processes in nature.The goals of this project are to track the development of tree endophyte fungi post-hurricane in Puerto Rico's Guanica Forest scientific area, and to correlate this process with environmental variables and wood traits (e.g. nitrogen content). There are three specific objectives to reach this goal, 1) rapid-response sampling to assess fungal communities present at time zero, 2) tracking communities at two additional time points to assess persistence of endophytes, and 3) matching outcomes over one year to site climate data (temperature, rainfall) and to wood substrate physiochemistry. This study includes wood sections from 14 tree species, either cut and left in ground contact to decay along a transect or remaining standing as a stump section. A key hypothesis is that endophyte saprotrophs will have a greater influence on decomposition in standing sections rather than in ground contact, but that the overall rates of decomposition will be influenced by climate and wood physiochemical variables, particularly wood nitrogen and heartwood content. The study design allows coupling of community structure and function with host traits over time.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

内生菌是生活在植物内部的生物。这些居民长期以来对研究植物的科学家看不见，但是随着基于DNA的评估工具的发展，研究人员发现了越来越多的生物体多样性，这些生物存在于健康植物内。内生细胞包括数百种微生物物种（细菌和真菌），它们生活在健康的树木内的健康木材中。有些为宿主树提供了好处，但另一些人，尤其是真菌，可能会攻击和/或弱化的树木（病原体），或者可能试图让头开始分解木材（腐烂的木材）。此外，存在许多微生物作为内生菌具有尚未确定的功能。确定这些功能是预测树木危害风险的关键需求，以及一旦树死亡，释放的分解和碳的建模速率。准确地预测木材衰减是困难的，并且在碳循环模型中呈现出明显的不确定性。为了提高预测能力，有必要建模一棵树死亡，杀死许多内生菌的关键过渡，但要对其他人的回报，以主导这些随后的微生物群落，尤其是肉毒杆菌。这项研究利用了自然干扰事件，这是波多黎各飓风玛丽亚造成的大量树木损害，以研究内生植物如何塑造出发生后扰动后扰动的真菌分解群落。有了这些知识，不仅有可能改善分解模型，而且可以更好地预测内生菌的成功，这是预测未来飓风中树木危害风险的资产。该项目还为几名女团队成员的STEM培训提供了机会，其中包括受玛丽亚飓风影响的波多黎各合作者。它还将导致制作一个公开视频，描述了科学，科学家，以及内生物在自然界中的危害和分解过程中的作用。该项目的目标是跟踪波多黎各圭尼省圭尼省圭亚那森林森林中植物的树木内生植物真菌的发展，并将其与环境变量和木材构造（E.G。有三个特定目标可以达到这一目标，1）快速响应抽样，以评估零时间的真菌群落，2）在两个额外的时间点跟踪社区以评估内生菌的持久性，3）在一年内与现场气候数据（温度，降雨）和木材底物生理化学化学物理学的匹配结果。这项研究包括来自14种树种的木材切片，切割并在地面接触中沿横断面腐烂或作为树桩截面的剩余站立。一个关键的假设是，内生酵素腐生物将对站立部分而不是地面接触中的分解产生更大的影响，但是分解的总体速率将受到气候和木材生理化学变量的影响，尤其是木材氮和心脏木材含量。该研究设计允许随着时间的推移将社区结构和功能与宿主特征结合在一起。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，被认为值得通过评估来获得支持。

项目成果

Stem-inhabiting fungal communities differ between intact and snapped trees after hurricane Maria in a Puerto Rican tropical dry forest

• DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118350
• 发表时间: 2020-11
• 期刊: Forest Ecology and Management
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: François Maillard;E. Andrews;Molly A. Moran;P. Kennedy;S. Bloem;J. Schilling