Variation in Women's Economic Tradeoffs and Risk Preferences

女性经济权衡和风险偏好的变化

• 批准号: 1809186
• 负责人: Kathrine Starkweather
• 金额: $ 14.8万
• 依托单位: Starkweather Kathrine E
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-15 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1809186&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Variation; Women; Economic; Tradeoffs; Risk

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. Under the sponsorship of Dr. Melissa Emery Thompson at the University of New Mexico, this postdoctoral fellowship award supports an early career scientist investigating the effects of differences in women's occupations on their household economies and physiological states, as well as the heath of themselves and their children. Most women in the United States and around the world engage in occupations that are more compatible with childcare than men's occupations and also that are less economically risky than men's occupations. However, some women do choose occupations that are neither compatible with childcare nor low risk, but very little is understood about what leads women to choose those types of occupations and what the outcomes are for women and their families. In order to better understand why some women choose these types of occupations and others choose more traditional ones, this project will conduct a study with women whose primary occupations represent this range. The goal of the project is to learn about potential positive and negative outcomes that result from different women's occupations in order to understand women's economic choices across different cultures. In doing so, factors that may buffer women and their children against more negative potential outcomes will be explored as well. The results of this project will be critical as women's roles in the household, local, and global economy continue to expand. It will also contribute to that expansion by employing and training women from underrepresented communities in social and lab-based sciences.The sexual division of labor is a hallmark of human societies that requires men and women to trade off allocation of individual time and energy between productive work and childcare. While evolutionary explanations for sex differences in these activities are rooted in the different reproductive roles of males and females, suggesting less flexibility for women than for men, empirical evidence suggests a great deal of variability in women's behavior. This project will highlight variability in women's productive work and risk preferences within a society where women show considerably more occupational variability and engage in significant risk-taking economic behavior. We will use a robust between- and within-individuals study design that employs mixed data collection methods in order to characterize behavioral and physiological flexibility and the costs and benefits for employing particular work and childcare strategies. The scope of this project will contribute to theory and knowledge about the evolutionary importance of variation in women's tradeoffs in three specific ways: 1) Results will challenge a pervasive notion in evolutionary theory about the human sexual division of labor with a case study of women who exhibit cross-culturally rare subsistence and parenting behavior; 2) Physiological correlates of behavior will shed light on the function of women's productive strategies and risk preferences; 3) Economic and health outcomes of women's productive strategies and risk preferences will tease apart costs and benefits of these behaviors and determine the nature of tradeoffs made by women. The broader goal is to contribute to a more comprehensive socioecological model of the human sexual division of labor that foregrounds the variability of women's tradeoffs in their familial and societal roles.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是NSF的社会，行为和经济科学博士后研究金（SPRF）计划的一部分。 SPRF计划的目标是为学术界，工业或私营部门以及政府的科学职业准备有前途的早期职业博士学位科学家。 SPRF奖项涉及在既定科学家的赞助下进行两年的培训，并鼓励博士后研究员进行独立研究。 NSF试图促进科学界各个细分市场的科学家的参与，包括来自代表性不足的群体的研究计划和活动；博士后时期被认为是实现这一目标的重要水平。每个博士后研究员都必须解决重要的科学问题，以推进各自的学科领域。在新墨西哥大学的梅利莎·埃默里·汤普森（Melissa Emery Thompson）的赞助下，这项博士后奖学金奖支持了早期的职业科学家，调查了妇女职业差异对其家庭经济和生理状态的影响，以及自己和孩子的健康。美国和世界各地的大多数妇女都从事与育儿更兼容的职业，而不是男性的职业，而且经济上的风险不如男性职业。但是，有些妇女确实选择既不兼容育儿也不是低风险的职业，但是几乎没有什么使妇女选择这些类型的职业以及对妇女及其家人的成果的了解很少。为了更好地理解为什么有些女性选择这类职业，而另一些妇女选择更多的传统职业，该项目将与主要职业代表这一范围的妇女进行研究。该项目的目的是了解来自不同妇女职业的潜在积极和负面结果，以了解跨不同文化的妇女经济选择。这样一来，也将探讨可能缓解妇女及其子女更多负面潜在结果的因素。随着妇女在家庭，地方和全球经济中的角色继续扩展，该项目的结果将至关重要。这也将通过在社会和实验室的科学领域使用和培训来自代表性不足的社区的妇女的妇女来促进这种扩张。劳动的性划分是人类社会的标志，需要男人和妇女在生产力工作和育儿之间进行个人时间和精力的分配。尽管这些活动中性别差异的进化解释源于男性和女性的不同生殖作用，这表明女性的灵活性比男性的灵活性更少，但经验证据表明，女性行为的可变性很大。该项目将重点介绍妇女生产性工作和风险偏好的可变性，在这个社会中，妇女表现出更大的职业变异性并从事大量冒险经济行为。我们将使用强大的个人间和个人研究设计设计，该设计采用混合数据收集方法来表征行为和生理灵活性以及采用特定工作和育儿策略的成本和收益。该项目的范围将有助于理论和知识，以三种特定的方式对妇女权衡的变化的进化重要性有助于：1）结果将挑战有关人类性分裂的进化理论的普遍概念，该概念是对劳动的性分裂的案例研究，该案例研究表现出具有跨文化稀有的生存和育儿行为的妇女的案例研究； 2）行为的生理相关性将阐明妇女生产策略和风险偏好的功能； 3）妇女的生产策略和风险偏好的经济和健康成果将取消这些行为的成本和收益，并确定妇女做出权衡的性质。更广泛的目标是为人类性劳动的更全面的社会生态模型做出贡献，该模型预示着妇女在家族和社会角色中折衷的可变性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评估来审查审查的审查标准，这是值得通过评估来支持的。