Collaborative Research: Targeted resampling of deep polar ice cores using information theory

合作研究：利用信息论对极地深部冰芯进行有针对性的重采样

• 批准号: 1807522
• 负责人: Tyler Jones
• 金额: $ 9.45万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1807522&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Targeted; resampling; deep

Ice cores contain detailed accounts of Earth's climate history. The collection of an ice core can be logistically challenging, and extraction of data from the core can be time-consuming as well as susceptible to both human and machine error. Furthermore, locked in measurements from ice cores is information that scientists have not yet found ways to recover. This project will apply techniques from information theory to ice-core data to unlock that information. The primary goal is to demonstrate that information theory can (a) identify regions of a specific ice-core record that are in need of further analysis and (b) provide some specific guidance for that analysis. A secondary goal is to demonstrate that information theory has practical and scientific utility for studies of past climate. This project aims to use information theory in two distinct ways: first, to identify regions of a core where information appears to be damaged or missing, perhaps due to human and/or machine error. In the segment of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide core that is 5000-8000 years old, for instance, information-theoretic methods reveal significant levels of noise, probably due to a laboratory instrument, and something that was not visible in the raw data. This is a particularly important segment of the record, as it contains valuable clues about climatic shifts and the onset of the Holocene. Targeted re-sampling of this segment of the core and reanalysis with newer laboratory apparatus could resolve the data issues. The second way in which information theory can potentially aid in ice-core analysis is by extracting climate signals from the data--such as the accumulation rate at the core site over the period of its formation. This quantity usually requires significant time and effort to produce, but information theory could help to streamline that process.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

冰芯包含了地球气候历史的详细说明。 冰芯的收集在逻辑上可能具有挑战性，从核心中提取数据可能是耗时的，并且对人类和机器错误都易感。 此外，锁定冰芯的测量是科学家尚未找到恢复方法的信息。该项目将应用从信息理论到冰核数据的技术来解锁该信息。主要目标是证明信息理论可以（a）确定需要进一步分析的特定冰核记录的区域，并且（b）为该分析提供了一些特定的指导。第二个目标是证明信息理论具有实用和科学的实用性，用于过去的气候研究。该项目旨在以两种不同的方式使用信息理论：首先，确定信息似乎损坏或缺少的核心区域，也许是由于人类和/或机器错误所致。例如，在南极冰盖西部的细分市场中，有5000 - 8000年历史的核心，信息理论方法揭示了噪声的显着水平，这可能是由于实验室仪器，而在原始数据中不可见的。这是记录中特别重要的部分，因为它包含有关气候变化和全新世发作的宝贵线索。有针对性的重新采样核心和使用新实验室设备的重新分析可以解决数据问题。信息理论可以潜在地帮助冰核分析的第二种方法是从数据中提取气候信号（例如在其形成期间核心位置的积累率）。 该数量通常需要大量的时间和精力来生产，但是信息理论可以帮助简化该过程。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并且被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准通过评估来支持的。

项目成果

An information-theoretic approach to extracting climate signals from deep polar ice cores

从极地深处冰芯提取气候信号的信息论方法

• DOI: 10.1063/1.5127211
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science
• 作者: Garland, Joshua;Jones, Tyler R.;Neuder, Michael;White, James W.;Bradley, Elizabeth
• 通讯作者: Bradley, Elizabeth