Collaborative Research: Axion Resonant InterAction DetectioN Experiment (ARIADNE) - a Continuation Proposal

合作研究：轴子共振相互作用检测实验（ARIADNE）——一项延续提案

• 批准号: 1806395
• 负责人: Aharon Kapitulnik
• 金额: $ 48万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1806395&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Axion; Resonant; InterAction

Multiple astronomical observations have established that about 85% of the matter in the universe is not made of known particles. Deciphering the nature of this so-called Dark Matter is of fundamental importance to cosmology, astrophysics, and high-energy particle physics. One of the most exciting quests in particle physics is the search for new particles beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Extensions of the Standard Model predict not only new particles with large masses but also some with very small masses. Such a candidate is the axion, which has been introduced to explain the smallness of Charge-Parity (CP) violation in Quantum Chromodynamics and which turns out to also be a prime candidate for a constituent of the dark matter in the universe. The Axion Resonant InterAction DetectioN Experiment (ARIADNE) is designed to search for axion-mediated spin-dependent interactions between nuclei at sub-millimeter ranges. The experiment involves a rotating non-magnetic mass to source the axion field, and a dense ensemble of laser-polarized He-3 nuclei to detect the axion field by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. While participating in this research, a team of postdocs, graduate students, and undergraduate researchers will be broadly trained in the techniques of experimental atomic physics, optical pumping, nuclear magnetic resonance, low-temperature physics, micro-fabrication, magnetic shielding, vacuum systems, and modeling. This will be valuable preparation for work in basic or applied research, either in the U.S. or international work force or scientific community.The signal from an axion field can be resonantly enhanced by properly modulating the axion potential at the nuclear spin precession frequency. The goal of this award is to complete construction of the experiment, bring it through its commissioning phase during which possible systematics will be evaluated, and start the early data taking stage, exploring new parameter space for the PQ axion. The method has the potential to improve previous experimental and astrophysical bounds on axions by several orders of magnitude and probe deep into the theoretically interesting regime for the PQ axion. The experiment is also sensitive to more exotic axion-like particles. The new method can ultimately exceed present laboratory constraints on spin-dependent short-range forces by up to 8 orders of magnitude and can improve on the combined laboratory/astrophysical limits by a factor of 10^4 in the axion mass range of ma between 10 micro-eV and 10 milli-eV, probing deep into the traditional "PQ-axion window".This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

多次天文观察结果表明，宇宙中约有85％的物质不是由已知粒子制成的。破译这种所谓的暗物质的性质对于宇宙学，天体物理学和高能粒子物理学至关重要。粒子物理学中最令人兴奋的任务之一是在粒子物理的标准模型之外寻找新粒子。标准模型的扩展不仅可以预测具有较大质量的新粒子，而且还可以预测一些质量很小的颗粒。这样的候选者是斧头，它被引入是为了解释量子染色体动力学中电荷 - 差异（CP）违规的较小性，事实证明这也是宇宙中暗物质组成部分的主要候选者。轴突谐振相互作用检测实验（Ariadne）旨在搜索亚毫米范围下核之间轴突介导的自旋依赖性相互作用。该实验涉及一个旋转的非磁性质量来源，并具有激光偏振的He-3核的致密集合，以通过核磁共振检测轴突场。在参与这项研究的同时，将在实验原子物理学，光学泵送，核磁共振，低温物理学，微型实力，磁性屏蔽，真空系统和建模的技术方面进行广泛培训。这将是在美国或国际劳动力或科学界的基础研究或应用研究中工作的宝贵准备。通过适当调节核自旋进液频率下的轴突潜力，可以共鸣。该奖项的目的是完成实验的构建，使其通过其调试阶段，在此期间将评估可能的系统，并开始早期数据阶段，并探索PQ轴上的新参数空间。该方法有可能通过几个数量级上的几个数量级来改善轴上的先前实验和天体物理界限，并深入理论上有趣的PQ轴向方案。该实验也对更外来的轴突样颗粒敏感。新方法最终可以超过当前对自旋依赖性短距离力的实验室限制，最多可以通过8个数量级来改善实验室/天体物理学限制的组合限制，在10个微EV和10 milli-ev之间的MA轴上质量范围内，将10^4的倍数提高到10倍^4倍。基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响评论标准。