RAPID: Collaborative Research: Evolution and variability of modern human sleep patterns

RAPID：协作研究：现代人类睡眠模式的演变和变异

• 批准号: 1743395
• 负责人: Eduardo Fernandez-Duque
• 金额: $ 1.45万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1743395&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collaborative; Research; Evolution; variability

In this RAPID project, the investigators will measure melatonin levels and timing of sleep in two non-industrialized populations that are similar except for access to electricity, to understand how sleep is affected by artificial light and the interaction of artificial and natural light exposures. Because power lines are quickly being extended in the research area, this experimental design is possible during a limited window of time before electricity reaches all communities. The research will contribute to our understanding of underlying biological mechanisms and variability of human sleep patterns. The project will support student training, international research collaborations, and public and community science outreach activities, and has potential relevance for understanding sleep problems in industrialized settings.The investigators will collect data on melatonin levels and sleep timing for individuals in each of two Toba/Qom communities. Participants will wear activity watches and keep diaries to document sleep patterns and quality. Saliva samples will be assayed to determine each individual's daily melatonin onset. The main predictions are that individuals in the community with artificial light will have a later time of daily melatonin onset, that differences will be greatest during the winter, and that any effect of moonlight would be to decrease sleep quality, more so in the population without artificial light. The project will expand our understanding of the spectrum of sleep patterns and sleep-regulatory pressures that may have played distinct roles in human history and evolution, and the ways in which modern societies have modified human sleep patterns.

在这个快速项目中，研究人员将在两个非工业化人群中测量褪黑激素水平和睡眠时间，除了获得电力外，它们是相似的，以了解睡眠如何受到人造光的影响以及人工和自然光的相互作用。由于研究领域正在迅速扩展电力线，因此在电力到达所有社区之前的有限时间之内，这种实验设计是可能的。这项研究将有助于我们理解人类睡眠模式的潜在生物学机制和变异性。该项目将支持学生培训，国际研究合作以及公共和社区科学外展活动，并可能与了解工业化环境中的睡眠问题有关。研究人员将收集有关两个Toba/QOM社区中每个人的褪黑激素水平和睡眠时间的数据。参与者将佩戴活动手表，并保留日记以记录睡眠方式和质量。将分析唾液样品，以确定每个人的每日褪黑激素发作。主要的预测是，具有人造光的社区中的个人将在以后的每日褪黑激素发作时期，在冬季，差异将是最大的，而月光的任何影响都将是降低睡眠质量，而在没有人造光的人群中，则更多。该项目将扩大我们对可能在人类历史和进化中起着不同作用的睡眠模式和睡眠调节压力的理解，以及现代社会改变了人类睡眠模式的方式。