The Second Cargese School on Earthquakes - Participant Support

第二届 Cargese 地震学校 - 参与者支持

基本信息

批准号：
1743284
负责人：
Gregory Beroza
金额：
$ 1.2万
依托单位：
Stanford University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-07-01 至 2018-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1743284&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Second Cargese Earthquakes Participant Support

项目摘要

Advances in the last decade have led towards a more complete picture of earthquake processes. The quality and quantity of data available to study earthquakes is increasing rapidly and both the availability of those observations and the capacity of computers to them have improved dramatically. Recent earthquakes are providing the research community with exceptionally rich datasets with which to explore earthquake behavior. Some of these data indicate an extended and complex earthquake initiation process that may involve previously unrecognized slow fault slip. The second Cargèse School on Earthquakes will provide focused yet diverse perspectives on our understanding of earthquakes. These will be delivered as lectures by leading earthquake scientists from around the world who are working at the cutting-edge of earthquake research. Lectures will be combined with hands-on tutorials that focus on learning new analysis methods and software. The school is intended to stimulate the emergence of a broader understanding of the current issues, and is aimed particularly at engaging young scientists (students and post-docs), and will thus facilitate future collective momentum towards earthquake preparedness and forecasting. This proposal would provide partial travel support for scientists from US institutions. The costs of participation by US scientists are highly leveraged against the costs of hosting the school, which are covered through European funding sources. The second Cargèse School on Earthquakes will provide instruction on the state-of-the-art covering three main research topics: (1) Earthquake Nucleation. Earthquakes are the culmination of accelerating processes that may manifest as growing aseismic slip, as confirmed by laboratory rock mechanics experiments, often accompanied by foreshocks, tremor, or other seismic phenomena. Recent observations of these and how they scale with magnitude suggest earthquake size may be influenced by the nucleation process. (2) Earthquake Triggering and Rupture. New opportunities to discover what triggers earthquakes include: (A) experimentation on real crustal faults under anthropogenic forcing, principally wastewater injection, and its consequent increase in seismicity rates and (B) the development of new methods to image in four dimensions the physical conditions and properties that determine which fault slip mode is likely to dominate. There are also open questions to be addressed concerning how geometrical/structural configurations and past history influence rupture propagation. Discoveries relevant to these opportunities and others will be discussed. (3) Beyond Earthquakes - Completing the Slip Spectrum. Slow aseismic slip acts to relieve stress applied to faults and to accelerate stress accumulation on neighboring stuck fault patches that eventually break and radiate seismic waves. Innovative seismic waveform and statistical analyses have served as proxies for the more difficult to observe aseismic slip, which is an ongoing challenge. These include verification of the proxy status by detecting aseismic deformation directly and evaluation of how seismic and aseismic modes interact.

在过去的十年中，进步导致了地震过程的更完整的情况。可用于研究地震的数据的质量和数量正在迅速增加，这些观察结果的可用性和计算机对它们的能力都大大提高了。最近的地震为研究界提供了探索地震行为的异常丰富的数据集。其中一些数据表明，扩展且复杂的地震起始过程可能涉及先前未识别的慢断层滑动。 Cargèse在地震上的第二个学校将对我们对地震的理解提供重点而又潜水的观点。这些将由来自世界各地的地震研究尖端工作的领先地震科学家作为讲座进行演讲。讲座将与动手教程相结合，专注于学习新的分析方法和软件。学校旨在激发人们对当前问题的更广泛理解的出现，并旨在吸引年轻科学家（学生和毕业后），因此将促进未来的集体势头，以实现地震准备和预测。该提案将为美国机构的科学家提供部分旅行支持。美国科学家的参与成本高度利用了由欧洲资助来源涵盖的学校的成本。 Cargèse第二届地震学校将提供有关最先进的指导，其中涵盖了三个主要研究主题：（1）地震成核。地震是加速过程的结晶，可能表现为日益增长的无性滑移，正如实验室岩石力学实验所证实的那样，通常伴随着前壳，震颤或其他地震现象。最近观察到这些观察结果以及它们的规模如何表明地质大小可能受成核过程的影响。（2）地震触发和破裂。 New opportunities to discover what triggers earth quakes include: (A) experimentation on real crustal faults under anthropogenic forcing, principally wastewater injection, and its consequent increase in seismicity rates and (B) the development of new methods to image in four dimensions the physical conditions and properties that determine which fault slip mode is There are also open questions to be addressed concerning how geometrical/structural configurations and past history influence rupture传播。将讨论与这些机会和其他机会相关的发现。（3）超越地震 - 完成滑移光谱。缓慢的无性滑移起作用是为了挽救用于断层的应力，并加速了在相邻的棍子断层斑块上的应力加速，有时会破裂并辐射地震波。创新的地震波形和统计分析已成为更难观察到的无性滑移的代理，这是一个持续的挑战。其中包括通过直接检测无性变形来验证代理状态以及对地震和无向模式相互作用的评估。