Collaborative research: Physiological signatures of variable weaning strategies in wild primates

合作研究：野生灵长类动物不同断奶策略的生理特征

• 批准号: 1723228
• 负责人: Amy Lu
• 金额: $ 36.91万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2023-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1723228&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; research; Physiological; signatures; variable

Premature weaning can result in poor infant developmental outcomes and increased infant mortality; however, the social conditions that lead to premature weaning and its consequences are still poorly understood. The central goal of this project is to examine how stressful social conditions linked to the immigration of new adult males and/or poor maternal condition influence the likelihood of premature weaning, and, in turn how premature weaning then influences infant growth, gut microbial colonization, and the development of the immune system in a nonhuman primate model. Given the importance of early weaning as a hallmark of human evolution, developing comprehensive longitudinal models of this early life transition are valuable. In addition, the findings may serve as an animal model for understanding the costs and benefits of truncated or extended breastfeeding in modern humans. The project will provide rigorous scientific training to at least one post-doctoral fellow and several graduate and undergraduate students. The PIs will also engage in public outreach at local and international levels, contributing to scientific education and conservation efforts both domestically and abroad. This project examines the links between social factors, variable weaning strategies, and infant growth and immune system development in geladas. It draws on both cross-sectional and longitudinal data collected from infants aged 0-2.5 years to address the following goals: (1) Determine how social factors related to stressful demographic changes and/or maternal condition influence the timing of nursing cessation; (2) Identify how earlier weaning relative to infant size is related to stunted postnatal growth, altered gut microbial diversity and composition, and the concentration of urinary neopterin, a biomarker for cellular inflammation. Geladas are ideal for this research because their social system is characterized by frequent and stressful social upheavals that disrupt infant development and can even lead to infant mortality. Further, gelada females form strong dominance hierarchies that determine access to food, thus allowing researchers to address how social factors linked to poor maternal nutrition are associated with variable weaning strategies. Together, these attributes make geladas an excellent model system in which to study premature weaning. This study will be one of the first to integrate innovative methods in isotopic/elemental chemistry, genomics, endocrinology, and digital photogrammetry to examine the causes and consequences of premature weaning in wild primate infants, thus identifying some of the key mechanisms bridging early life social adversity to long-term developmental and health. Student trainees will have the opportunity to learn methods in behavioral data collection as well as various wet lab methods to characterize the composition of the gut microbiome and define weaning by the amount of milk vs. plant-origin carbon and nitrogen found in noninvasively collected fecal samples.

过早的断奶会导致婴儿发育不良和婴儿死亡率增加；但是，导致过早断奶及其后果的社会条件仍然很少理解。该项目的核心目的是检查与新成年男性和/或孕产妇状况不佳有关的压力社会状况如何影响过早断奶的可能性，然后，过早断奶随后如何影响婴儿的生长，肠道微生物的殖民化以及非人类灵活模型中免疫系统的发展。鉴于早期断奶作为人类进化的标志的重要性，发展了这种早期生活过渡的全面纵向模型是有价值的。此外，这些发现可能是了解现代人类截短或扩展母乳喂养的成本和收益的动物模型。该项目将为至少一名博士后研究员以及几个研究生和本科生提供严格的科学培训。 PI还将在当地和国际层面进行公共宣传，从而为科学教育和保护工作做出贡献。 该项目研究了Geladas的社会因素，可变的断奶策略与婴儿的增长和免疫系统发展之间的联系。它借鉴了从0-2.5岁的婴儿收集的横断面和纵向数据，以解决以下目标：（1）确定与压力的人口统计学变化和/或产妇状况相关的社会因素如何影响暂停的时间； （2）确定相对于婴儿大小的早期断奶与产后发育迟缓，肠道微生物的多样性和组成的改变以及尿尿新肽的浓度是细胞炎症的生物标志物。 Geladas是这项研究的理想选择，因为他们的社会体系的特征是频繁而压力很大的社会动力，破坏了婴儿的发育，甚至可能导致婴儿死亡率。此外，Gelada雌性形成了强大的优势等级制度，从而决定获得食物的机会，从而使研究人员能够解决与孕产妇营养不良相关的社会因素与可变的断奶策略相关的如何相关。这些属性一起使Geladas成为研究过早断奶的出色模型系统。这项研究将是最早在同位素/元素化学，基因组学，内分泌学和数字摄影测量中整合创新方法的研究之一，以检查野生灵长类动物婴儿过早断奶的原因和后果，从而确定了一些关键的机制，从而弥补了早期生活的社交敌人，从而使长期发展和健康。学生学员将有机会学习行为数据收集中的方法以及各种湿实验室方法，以表征肠道微生物组的组成，并通过在非氟化收集的粪便样品中发现的牛奶与植物 - 原始碳和氮的含量来定义断奶。

项目成果

Beyond infant death: the hidden costs of male immigration in geladas

除了婴儿死亡之外：狒狒中男性移民的隐性成本

• DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.11.010
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Animal Behaviour
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Schneider-Crease, India;Chiou, Kenneth L.;Snyder-Mackler, Noah;Bergman, Thore J.;Beehner, Jacinta C.;Lu, Amy
• 通讯作者: Lu, Amy

Urinary neopterin reflects lifetime variation in innate immunity, helminth-induced immunomodulation, and microbiome diversity in a wild primate.

尿液新蝶呤反映了野生灵长类动物的先天免疫、蠕虫诱导的免疫调节和微生物组多样性的终生变化。

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Scientific report
• 作者: Schneider-Crease, I.

Assessing male gelada chest patches: color measurement and physiological mechanisms

• DOI: 10.1007/s42991-021-00211-5
• 发表时间: 2022-02-22
• 期刊: MAMMALIAN BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: DeLacey, Patricia M.;Perlman, Rachel F.;Bergman, Thore J.
• 通讯作者: Bergman, Thore J.

Social drivers of maturation age in female geladas

雌性狒狒成熟年龄的社会驱动因素

• DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arac028
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Behavioral Ecology
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Feder, Jacob A.;Beehner, Jacinta C.;Baniel, Alice;Bergman, Thore J.;Snyder-Mackler, Noah;Lu, Amy;Jennions, ed., Michael D.
• 通讯作者: Jennions, ed., Michael D.

Male-Mediated Maturation in Wild Geladas

野生狮羚的雄性介导的成熟

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.003
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Current Biology
• 影响因子: 9.2
• 作者: Lu, Amy;Feder, Jacob A.;Snyder-Mackler, Noah;Bergman, Thore J.;Beehner, Jacinta C.
• 通讯作者: Beehner, Jacinta C.