EAGER: TDM solar cells: High Efficiency Perovskites and CuInSe (CIS) Tandem Solar cells

EAGER：TDM 太阳能电池：高效钙钛矿和 CuInSe (CIS) 串联太阳能电池

• 批准号: 1665449
• 负责人: Mario Dagenais
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-06-15 至 2021-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1665449&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; TDM; solar; cells; Efficiency

Abstract:Non-technical:Si is the dominant photovoltaic technology used around the world. These solar cells are assembled together to produce solar panels. They represent more than 90% of the solar panel market. The Si crystalline solar cells have demonstrated a maximum photovoltaic solar energy conversion efficiency of about 25% and this conversion efficiency has not improved very much over the last 10 years. On the other hand, tandem solar cells, where one utilizes a stack of two different materials with different band gaps, can lead to a sizable increase in the energy efficiency of solar cells, which would lead to a reduced number of required solar panels to generate the same amount of energy. The project is based on a solar cell made up of a thin layer of perovskite and a thin layer of copper-indium di-selenide (CIS) monolithically stacked together for a total thickness of order 2.5-3 µm, with an expected energy conversion efficiency approaching 30%. These solar cells would allow a quantum leap in energy conversion efficiency as compared to crystalline silicon solar cells. They would also allow the realization of flexible solar cells for many low cost applications. The tandem solar cell uses a chalcogenide material made up of three elements: Cu, In, and Se but does not use Ga as is typically done for single junction CIGS solar cell. The advantage of this approach is that CIS has a smaller bandgap than CIGS and this allows collecting photons over a larger wavelength range and therefore leads to a higher conversion efficiency. In addition, the second material used in the tandem cell is CH3NH3Pb (I1-xBrx)3, a material which is stable. On the contrary, if one would use CIGS as the low bandgap material, the required CH3NH3Pb (I1-xBrx)3 material would need to use a non-stable concentration of bromide. Both of these single junction solar cells have already been made in the Principal Investigator's laboratory with high performance. The challenge is to monolithically integrate both materials in an efficient tandem solar cell.Technical description:Both state-of-the-art CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite and Copper Indium Selenide (CIS) solar cells developed in our laboratory will be used to implement a high performance tandem cell with a predicted efficiency above 30% at one-sun illumination. The band gap of CIS (no gallium) solar cells is 1.0 eV and is more adapted than the traditional CIGS solar cell or silicon based solar cells with a bandgap of 1.15 eV to realizing high efficiency tandem solar cells based on perovskites. The reason is that the most efficient tandem solar cell for a material with a bandgap of 1.15 eV is a material with a bandgap of 1.7-1.8 eV. CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 can be made to have a bandgap of 1.74 eV but has been found to be unstable. For a material with a bandgap of 1.0 eV, the optimum higher bandgap is 1.64 eV and corresponds to a proportion of bromide where the perovskite layer CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 is stable. In this project, high efficiency, environmentally stable, CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 /CIS tandem solar cells will be developed. Both mechanically stacked and monolithic perovskite/CIS tandem solar cells will be studied. The approach leverages thin film solar cell technology that has been validated in industry and opens up the way to highly efficient low cost solar cells.

摘要：非技术：硅是全球使用的主要光伏技术，这些太阳能电池组装在一起生产太阳能电池板，它们占据了太阳能电池板市场的 90% 以上，硅晶体太阳能电池已展现出最大的光伏发电能力。太阳能转换效率约为 25%，而这种转换效率在过去 10 年里并没有太大提高。另一方面，串联太阳能电池采用两种不同带隙材料的堆叠，可能会导致太阳能电池的能源效率大幅提高，这将导致产生相同能量所需的太阳能电池板数量减少。该项目基于由薄层钙钛矿和薄层组成的太阳能电池。铜铟二硒化物 (CIS) 单片堆叠在一起，总厚度为 2.5-3 µm，预计能量转换效率接近 30%，相比之下，这些太阳能电池将实现能量转换效率的巨大飞跃。它们还可以实现用于许多低成本应用的柔性太阳能电池，串联太阳能电池使用由三种元素组成的硫族化物材料：Cu、In和Se，但不使用通常使用的Ga。这种方法的优点是 CIS 的带隙比 CIGS 更小，这允许在更大的波长范围内收集光子，因此可以实现更高的转换效率。串联电池是CH3NH3Pb (I1-xBrx)3，一种稳定的材料，相反，如果使用CIGS作为低带隙材料，则所需的CH3NH3Pb (I1-xBrx)3材料将需要使用不稳定浓度的溴化物。这两种单结太阳能电池均已在首席研究员的实验室中以高性能制造出来，挑战是将这两种材料单片集成到高效串联太阳能电池中。描述：我们实验室开发的最先进的 CH3NH3PbI3 钙钛矿和铜铟硒化物 (CIS) 太阳能电池将用于实现高性能串联电池，预计单太阳光照下的效率将超过 30%。 CIS（无镓）太阳能电池的带隙为1.0 eV，比带隙为1.0 eV的传统CIGS太阳能电池或硅基太阳能电池更适合1.15 eV 才能实现基于钙钛矿的高效串联太阳能电池，原因是带隙为 1.15 eV 的材料最高效的串联太阳能电池是带隙为 1.7-1.8 eV 的材料。 3 可以制成具有 1.74 eV 的带隙，但已发现对于带隙为 1.74 eV 的材料来说是不稳定的。 1.0 eV，最佳较高带隙为 1.64 eV，对应于钙钛矿层 CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 稳定的溴化物比例。在该项目中，高效率、环境稳定的 CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 /CIS。将开发叠层太阳能电池和单片钙钛矿/CIS叠层太阳能电池。利用经过工业验证的薄膜太阳能电池技术，为高效低成本太阳能电池开辟了道路。

项目成果

High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cell Based on Sequential Doping of PTAA

基于PTAA顺序掺杂的高效钙钛矿太阳能电池

• DOI: 10.1109/jphotov.2019.2910236
• 发表时间: 2019-05-06
• 期刊: IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Yangyi Yao;W. Hsu;M. Dagenais
• 通讯作者: M. Dagenais