SusChEM: Collaborative Research: Environmental Fate and Effects of Dichloroacetamide Safeners: An Overlooked Class of Emerging Contaminants?

SusChEM：合作研究：二氯乙酰胺安全剂的环境命运和影响：一类被忽视的新兴污染物？

• 批准号: 1702610
• 负责人: David Cwiertny
• 金额: $ 19.53万
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2022-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1702610&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SusChEM; Collaborative; Research; Environmental; Fate

PI Names: John SiveyProposal Number: 1703796 Many of the herbicide formulations applied to crop fields include a safener. Safeners are so-called "inert" ingredients, which are added to protect crops (but not weeds) from possible damage caused by herbicides. Safeners have application rates on par with many herbicide active ingredients; however, unlike most herbicide active ingredients, the environmental fate and effects of safeners are poorly understood. The purpose of this project is to address the extensive knowledge gaps associated with the environmental fate and ecological effects of a major class of safeners. This collaborative project unites a multidisciplinary team of experts and students from a primarily undergraduate institution (Towson University) and a doctoral-granting institution (University of Iowa) with the goal of promoting sustainable agricultural practices related to the use of safeners. This project seeks to advance our understanding of the environmental persistence and ecotoxicological risks of dichloroacetamide safeners and their transformation products. Despite being classified as "inert", safeners are biologically active and their bioactivity is anticipated to increase via selected environmental transformations (including photolysis and reductive dechlorination). Due to their extensive use, safeners likely represent an overlooked class of emerging contaminants. Using commercial safeners and their herbicidal co-formulants, this project will (1) determine their rates and mechanisms of photochemical transformation in surface waters; (2) quantify their extent of removal and/or transformation during simulated drinking water treatment; (3) establish timescales associated with their biotransformation; (4) identify products of these transformations, including how reactions alter enantiomeric signatures of chiral safeners; and (5) evaluate ecotoxicological risks of safeners and their transformation products toward non-target aquatic organisms. Commercial formulations can include enantiomerically-enriched herbicides co-formulated with racemic mixtures of safeners. As such, experiments will include individual safener enantiomers, safener racemates, and safener + herbicide binary mixtures representative of commercial formulations. As safener use is projected to increase in the future, there is urgent need to obtain reliable environmental assessment data for this chemical class. This project will provide some of the first non-industrial data necessary to assess persistence and risk associated with safeners in natural and engineered aquatic systems. Moreover, as dichloroacetamide safeners are applied extensively to corn used for food, animal feed, and biofuel production, this work confronts challenges to sustainable development at the food-energy-water nexus. As society grows increasingly reliant on agrochemical advances to feed a swelling population, this work promotes sustainable agriculture by guiding the design of environmentally-benign safener formulations. Central to this project is a research partnership between a PUI (Towson University) and an R1 (University of Iowa). A signature effort of this partnership is the participation of undergraduates in the Summer Research Opportunities Program (SROP) at the University of Iowa. SROP provides promising underrepresented students with research experience, in addition to workshops and seminars designed to enhance academic success and promote graduate education in STEM. In total, two graduate and several undergraduate students will receive training at the interface of environmental engineering, analytical chemistry, and toxicology, which will help to better prepare tomorrow's research leaders and technical workforce to confront the multi-faceted challenges at the food-energy-water nexus.

PI名称：John SiveyProposal号：1703796用于作物田中的许多除草剂配方都包括保险箱。保险剂是所谓的“惰性”成分，添加了这些食材，以保护农作物（而非杂草）免受除草剂造成的损害。保险箱的应用率与许多除草剂活性成分相当；但是，与大多数除草剂活性成分不同，人们对保护者的环境命运和影响知之甚少。该项目的目的是解决与大类保护者的环境命运和生态影响相关的广泛知识差距。该协作项目将主要是本科机构（陶森大学）的专家和学生组成的多学科团队和博士授予机构（爱荷华大学）的目标是促进与安全人员使用有关的可持续农业实践。该项目旨在促进我们对二氯乙酰胺保险箱及其转型产品的环境持久性和生态毒理学风险的理解。尽管被归类为“惰性”，但保险箱具有生物活性，预计通过选定的环境转化（包括光解和还原性脱氯）预计其生物活性会增加。由于它们的广泛使用，保险箱可能代表了一类新兴污染物。该项目使用商业保险箱及其除草剂合成剂，（1）确定其在地表水中光化学转化的速度和机制； （2）在模拟饮用水处理过程中量化其去除和/或转化的程度； （3）建立与其生物转化相关的时间尺度； （4）确定这些转化的产物，包括反应如何改变手性保险师的对映体特征； （5）评估安全剂的生态毒理学风险及其对非目标水生生物的转化产品。商业配方可以包括富含映体的除草剂与外星人混合物共同成型。因此，实验将包括各个保险箱对映异构体，保险箱的种族，以及代表商业配方代表的Safener +除草剂二元混合物。随着预计将来的安全使用措施会增加，因此迫切需要为该化学类别获得可靠的环境评估数据。该项目将提供一些最早的非工业数据，以评估与自然和工程水生系统中的保险人相关的持久性和风险。此外，由于将二氯乙酰胺保险箱广泛应用于用于食品，动物饲料和生物燃料生产的玉米，因此这项工作面临着食品能量 - 水纽扣的可持续发展挑战。随着社会越来越依赖农业化的进步来养活肿胀的人群，这项工作通过指导环保保险箱配方的设计来促进可持续的农业。该项目的核心是PUI（陶森大学）和R1（爱荷华大学）之间的研究合作伙伴关系。 这种伙伴关系的签名工作是本科生参加爱荷华大学的夏季研究机会计划（SROP）。 SROP除了旨在提高学术成功并促进STEM研究生教育的研讨会和研讨会外，还为有希望的人数不足的学生提供了研究经验。 总的来说，两名毕业生和几位本科生将在环境工程，分析化学和毒理学的界面上接受培训，这将有助于更好地准备明天的研究领导者和技术劳动力，以应对食品能量 - 沃特 - 沃特 - 尼克斯（Nexus）的多方面挑战。

项目成果

Benoxacor is enantioselectively metabolized by rat liver subcellular fractions.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109247
• 发表时间: 2020-10-01
• 期刊: Chemico-biological interactions
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Simonsen D;Cwiertny DM;Lehmler HJ
• 通讯作者: Lehmler HJ

Acid- and Base-Mediated Hydrolysis of Dichloroacetamide Herbicide Safeners.

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05958
• 发表时间: 2022-01-04
• 期刊: Environmental science & technology
• 影响因子: 11.4
• 作者: McFadden ME;Patterson EV;Reber KP;Gilbert IW;Sivey JD;LeFevre GH;Cwiertny DM
• 通讯作者: Cwiertny DM