EAGER: TDM solar cells: High Efficiency Perovskites and CuInSe (CIS) Tandem Solar cells

EAGER：TDM 太阳能电池：高效钙钛矿和 CuInSe (CIS) 串联太阳能电池

• 批准号: 1665449
• 负责人: Mario Dagenais
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-06-15 至 2021-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1665449&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; TDM; solar; cells; Efficiency; EAGER; TDM; solar; cells; Efficiency

Abstract:Non-technical:Si is the dominant photovoltaic technology used around the world. These solar cells are assembled together to produce solar panels. They represent more than 90% of the solar panel market. The Si crystalline solar cells have demonstrated a maximum photovoltaic solar energy conversion efficiency of about 25% and this conversion efficiency has not improved very much over the last 10 years. On the other hand, tandem solar cells, where one utilizes a stack of two different materials with different band gaps, can lead to a sizable increase in the energy efficiency of solar cells, which would lead to a reduced number of required solar panels to generate the same amount of energy. The project is based on a solar cell made up of a thin layer of perovskite and a thin layer of copper-indium di-selenide (CIS) monolithically stacked together for a total thickness of order 2.5-3 µm, with an expected energy conversion efficiency approaching 30%. These solar cells would allow a quantum leap in energy conversion efficiency as compared to crystalline silicon solar cells. They would also allow the realization of flexible solar cells for many low cost applications. The tandem solar cell uses a chalcogenide material made up of three elements: Cu, In, and Se but does not use Ga as is typically done for single junction CIGS solar cell. The advantage of this approach is that CIS has a smaller bandgap than CIGS and this allows collecting photons over a larger wavelength range and therefore leads to a higher conversion efficiency. In addition, the second material used in the tandem cell is CH3NH3Pb (I1-xBrx)3, a material which is stable. On the contrary, if one would use CIGS as the low bandgap material, the required CH3NH3Pb (I1-xBrx)3 material would need to use a non-stable concentration of bromide. Both of these single junction solar cells have already been made in the Principal Investigator's laboratory with high performance. The challenge is to monolithically integrate both materials in an efficient tandem solar cell.Technical description:Both state-of-the-art CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite and Copper Indium Selenide (CIS) solar cells developed in our laboratory will be used to implement a high performance tandem cell with a predicted efficiency above 30% at one-sun illumination. The band gap of CIS (no gallium) solar cells is 1.0 eV and is more adapted than the traditional CIGS solar cell or silicon based solar cells with a bandgap of 1.15 eV to realizing high efficiency tandem solar cells based on perovskites. The reason is that the most efficient tandem solar cell for a material with a bandgap of 1.15 eV is a material with a bandgap of 1.7-1.8 eV. CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 can be made to have a bandgap of 1.74 eV but has been found to be unstable. For a material with a bandgap of 1.0 eV, the optimum higher bandgap is 1.64 eV and corresponds to a proportion of bromide where the perovskite layer CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 is stable. In this project, high efficiency, environmentally stable, CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 /CIS tandem solar cells will be developed. Both mechanically stacked and monolithic perovskite/CIS tandem solar cells will be studied. The approach leverages thin film solar cell technology that has been validated in industry and opens up the way to highly efficient low cost solar cells.

摘要：非技术：SI是世界各地使用的主要光伏技术。这些太阳能电池组装在一起以产生太阳能电池板。它们占太阳能电池板市场的90％以上。 SI晶体太阳能电池已显示出最大的光伏太阳能转化效率约为25％，并且在过去的10年中，这种转化效率并没有得到很大提高。另一方面，串联太阳能电池（一个使用不同带隙的不同材料）的串联太阳能电池可导致太阳能电池的能源效率大大提高，这将导致减少所需的太阳能电池板的数量来产生相同量的能量。该项目基于一个太阳能电池组成的薄层钙钛矿和一层薄层二苯甲酸铜（CIS）单层堆叠在一起，总厚度为2.5-3 µm，预期能量转换效率接近30％。与结晶硅太阳能电池相比，这些太阳能电池将允许能量转化效率的量子飞跃。它们还将允许在许多低成本应用中实现灵活的太阳能电池。串联太阳能电池使用由三个元素组成的葡萄干化材料：Cu，IN和SE，但不使用GA，通常对单个连接CIGS太阳能电池进行。这种方法的优点是CI的带隙比CIGS较小，这允许在较大的波长范围内收集照片，因此可以提高转化效率。另外，串联细胞中使用的第二种材料是CH3NH3PB（I1-XBRX）3，一种稳定的材料。相反，如果将CIG用作低带隙材料，则需要使用的CH3NH3PB（I1-XBRX）3材料将需要使用非稳定的溴化物浓度。这两个单一连接太阳能电池都已经在高性能的主要研究者实验室中制作。面临的挑战是单一将这两种材料整合到有效的串联太阳能电池中。技术描述：最先进的CH3NH3PBI3 PEROVSKITE和我们实验室中开发的铜硫化铜（CIS）太阳能电池都将用于实施高性能串联细胞，具有以上超过30％的预测效率，以一种单音固定的效率。与传统的CIGS太阳能电池或基于硅的太阳能电池相比，顺式（无甘油）太阳能电池的带隙为1.0 eV，带有1.15 eV的带子太阳能电池，以实现基于perovskites的高效率串联太阳能电池。原因是带有1.15 eV的材料的最有效的串联太阳能电池是带隙为1.7-1.8 eV的材料。可以使CH3NH3PB（I1-XBRX）3的带隙为1.74 eV，但发现不稳定。对于带隙为1.0 eV的材料，最佳的较高带隙为1.64 eV，对应于溴化物的一部分，其中钙钛矿层CH3NH3PB（I1-XBRX）3稳定。在这个项目中，将开发高效率，环境稳定的CH3NH3PB（I1-XBRX）3 /顺式串联太阳能电池。机械堆叠和单片钙钛矿/顺式串联太阳能电池都将研究。该方法利用薄膜太阳能电池技术已在行业中进行了验证，并为高效的低成本太阳能电池开辟了道路。