Land-Surface Processes, Dust Sources, and Particulate Fluxes of the 1930s Dust Bowl Drought in the U.S. Great Plains

20 世纪 30 年代美国大平原沙尘暴干旱的陆地表面过程、粉尘来源和颗粒通量

• 批准号: 1660230
• 负责人: Steven Forman
• 金额: $ 22万
• 依托单位: Baylor University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-06-01 至 2022-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1660230&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Land; Surface; Processes; Dust; Sources

This research project will evaluate whether agricultural practices were the dominant cause for wind erosion and continent-wide dust storms during the 1930s Dust Bowl drought as has been assumed for the past 80 years. The project will develop a new database for central North America to assess the spatial and temporal variability of natural and human-induced surface processes on wind erosion and dust emission estimates for the 1930s Dust Bowl drought. The project will yield new quantitative criteria to evaluate the role of cultivation, subsequent re-plowing, and the interactions among natural and human-related processes that led to reactivation of antecedent aeolian deposits and landscape denudation in the 1930s. This database will provide appropriate spatial-scaling for deriving estimates of dust emissivity from drought-stricken surfaces and the potential contributions of dust to regional and global atmospheric particulate loads. Many Earth system models underscore the vulnerability of the Great Plains in the 21st century to extreme droughts, with drying having the potential to exceed conditions in the 1930s, thereby increasing the potential for heightened aeolian activity. The enhanced understanding provided by this project of the spatial and temporal variability in dust generation during the 1930s drought will improve parameterization of atmosphere-land interaction models. Improvements in knowledge of these complex dynamics will provide insights regarding how to better mitigate against increases in atmospheric dust loads, which pose with increased risks of premature mortality and morbidity from respiratory, cardiovascular, and dust-borne viral diseases.To assess changes in vegetation, associated wind processes, and dust sources and fluxes the heart of the Dust Bowl on the Great Plains, the investigators will analyze aerial photography from 1936 and 1939. Targeted regions will include persistent drought areas in the Texas and the Oklahoma panhandles, adjacent surfaces in Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico; and other potential dust sources areas in the western Nebraska sand hills and in western North Dakota. The investigators will conduct field-based studies at sites where analysis of images indicates that sand and other wind-blown particles accumulated in the 1930s, thereby providing insights into thickness, continuity and particle sizes of Dust Bowl deposits. A range of dust emission estimates will be derived from the distribution of classified land-surfaces and from empirical analyses of dust production and release for analogous surfaces in the western U.S. These dust release estimates will be evaluated with new field measurements of dust flux from soils with the use of the portable in situ wind erosion lab.

该研究项目将评估农业实践是否是 1930 年代沙尘暴干旱期间风蚀和全大陆沙尘暴的主要原因，正如过去 80 年所假设的那样。 该项目将为北美中部开发一个新的数据库，以评估自然和人为引起的地表过程对风蚀的时空变化以及 1930 年代沙尘暴干旱的粉尘排放估计。 该项目将产生新的定量标准，以评估耕作、随后的重新耕作以及自然和人类相关过程之间的相互作用的作用，这些过程导致了 1930 年代先前的风成沉积物和景观剥蚀的重新激活。 该数据库将提供适当的空间尺度，用于估算干旱表面的灰尘发射率以及灰尘对区域和全球大气颗粒物负荷的潜在贡献。 许多地球系统模型都强调了 21 世纪大平原对极端干旱的脆弱性，干旱程度有可能超过 20 世纪 30 年代的情况，从而增加了风沙活动加剧的可能性。 该项目加深了对 20 世纪 30 年代干旱期间粉尘产生的空间和时间变化的了解，将改善大气-土地相互作用模型的参数化。 对这些复杂动态的了解的提高将为如何更好地减轻大气尘埃负荷的增加提供见解，大气尘埃负荷会增加呼吸系统、心血管和尘埃传播的病毒性疾病导致过早死亡和发病的风险。为了了解大平原沙尘暴中心的相关风过程、沙尘源和通量，调查人员将分析 1936 年和 1939 年的航空摄影。目标区域将包括德克萨斯州和俄克拉荷马州狭长地带的持续干旱地区，以及邻近的沙尘暴地区。堪萨斯州、科罗拉多州和新墨西哥州的地面；以及内布拉斯加州西部沙山和北达科他州西部的其他潜在灰尘源地区。 研究人员将在图像分析显示沙子和其他风吹颗粒在 20 世纪 30 年代积累的地点进行实地研究，从而深入了解沙尘暴沉积物的厚度、连续性和颗粒大小。 一系列粉尘排放估算将根据分类地表的分布以及美国西部类似地表粉尘产生和释放的实证分析得出。这些粉尘排放估算将通过对土壤粉尘通量的新现场测量进行评估使用便携式现场风蚀实验室。

项目成果

Late Quaternary aeolian environments, luminescence chronology and climate change for the Monahans dune field, Winkler County, West Texas, USA

美国西德克萨斯州温克勒县莫纳汉斯沙丘场的晚第四纪风环境、发光年代学和气候变化

• DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2022.100828
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Aeolian Research
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Forman, Steven L.;Tew-Todd, Victoria;Mayhack, Connor;Marín, Liliana;Wiest, Logan A.;Money, Griffin
• 通讯作者: Money, Griffin

Evaluating Landscape Degradation Along Climatic Gradients During the 1930s Dust Bowl Drought From Panchromatic Historical Aerial Photographs, United States Great Plains

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2018.00153
• 发表时间: 2018-10-12
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Bolles, Kasey C.;Forman, Steven L.
• 通讯作者: Forman, Steven L.

Deconstructing aeolian landscapes

解构风沙景观

• DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2018.11.038
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: CATENA
• 影响因子: 6.2
• 作者: Barrineau, Patrick;Dobreva, Iliyana;Bishop, Michael P.;Houser, Chris;Forman, Steven L.
• 通讯作者: Forman, Steven L.

Meteorological catalysts of dust events and particle source dynamics of affected soils during the 1930s Dust Bowl drought, Southern High Plains, USA

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2019.100216
• 发表时间: 2019-09
• 期刊: Anthropocene
• 影响因子: 3.6
• 作者: K. Bolles;Mark Sweeney;S. Forman

Contemporary and future dust sources and emission fluxes from gypsum- and quartz-dominated eolian systems, New Mexico and Texas, USA

美国新墨西哥州和德克萨斯州以石膏和石英为主的风成系统的当代和未来灰尘源和排放通量

• DOI: 10.1130/g49488.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Geology
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: Sweeney, Mark R.;Forman, Steven L.;McDonald, Eric V.
• 通讯作者: McDonald, Eric V.