Land-Surface Processes, Dust Sources, and Particulate Fluxes of the 1930s Dust Bowl Drought in the U.S. Great Plains

20 世纪 30 年代美国大平原沙尘暴干旱的陆地表面过程、粉尘来源和颗粒通量

• 批准号: 1660230
• 负责人: Steven Forman
• 金额: $ 22万
• 依托单位: Baylor University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-06-01 至 2022-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1660230&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Land; Surface; Processes; Dust; Sources

This research project will evaluate whether agricultural practices were the dominant cause for wind erosion and continent-wide dust storms during the 1930s Dust Bowl drought as has been assumed for the past 80 years. The project will develop a new database for central North America to assess the spatial and temporal variability of natural and human-induced surface processes on wind erosion and dust emission estimates for the 1930s Dust Bowl drought. The project will yield new quantitative criteria to evaluate the role of cultivation, subsequent re-plowing, and the interactions among natural and human-related processes that led to reactivation of antecedent aeolian deposits and landscape denudation in the 1930s. This database will provide appropriate spatial-scaling for deriving estimates of dust emissivity from drought-stricken surfaces and the potential contributions of dust to regional and global atmospheric particulate loads. Many Earth system models underscore the vulnerability of the Great Plains in the 21st century to extreme droughts, with drying having the potential to exceed conditions in the 1930s, thereby increasing the potential for heightened aeolian activity. The enhanced understanding provided by this project of the spatial and temporal variability in dust generation during the 1930s drought will improve parameterization of atmosphere-land interaction models. Improvements in knowledge of these complex dynamics will provide insights regarding how to better mitigate against increases in atmospheric dust loads, which pose with increased risks of premature mortality and morbidity from respiratory, cardiovascular, and dust-borne viral diseases.To assess changes in vegetation, associated wind processes, and dust sources and fluxes the heart of the Dust Bowl on the Great Plains, the investigators will analyze aerial photography from 1936 and 1939. Targeted regions will include persistent drought areas in the Texas and the Oklahoma panhandles, adjacent surfaces in Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico; and other potential dust sources areas in the western Nebraska sand hills and in western North Dakota. The investigators will conduct field-based studies at sites where analysis of images indicates that sand and other wind-blown particles accumulated in the 1930s, thereby providing insights into thickness, continuity and particle sizes of Dust Bowl deposits. A range of dust emission estimates will be derived from the distribution of classified land-surfaces and from empirical analyses of dust production and release for analogous surfaces in the western U.S. These dust release estimates will be evaluated with new field measurements of dust flux from soils with the use of the portable in situ wind erosion lab.

该研究项目将评估在1930年代的防尘碗干旱期间，农业实践是否是造成风侵蚀和大陆范围的尘埃雨的主要原因。 该项目将为中部北美开发一个新的数据库，以评估1930年代防尘碗干旱的自然和人类引起的表面过程的空间和时间变异性。 该项目将产生新的定量标准，以评估培养的作用，随后的重新播放以及自然和人与人有关的过程之间的相互作用，从而导致了1930年代先前的同性风格沉积物和景观剥夺。 该数据库将提供适当的空间规模，以从干旱strick刺的表面估算灰尘发射率，以及灰尘对区域和全球大气颗粒负荷的潜在贡献。 许多地球系统模型强调了21世纪大平原对极端干旱的脆弱性，而干燥的可能性在1930年代有可能超出条件，从而增加了增强的风化风度。 该项目对1930年代干旱期间尘埃产生的空间和时间变化提供的增强理解将改善大气 - 土地相互作用模型的参数化。 这些复杂动态知识的改善将提供有关如何更好地减轻大气灰尘负荷增加的见解，这些灰尘负荷增加了呼吸，心血管和尘埃性病毒性疾病的过早死亡率和发病率的增加，以评估植被，相关的风过程以及尘埃源和尘埃的变化。 1939年。目标地区将包括德克萨斯州和俄克拉荷马州Panhandles的持续干旱地区，堪萨斯州，科罗拉多州和新墨西哥州的邻近表面；内布拉斯加州西部山丘和北达科他州西部的其他潜在尘埃源地区。 研究人员将在图像分析的地点进行基于现场的研究，表明在1930年代积累的沙子和其他风吹颗粒，从而洞悉厚度，连续性和尘埃碗沉积物的颗粒大小。 一系列的灰尘排放估计将从分类的土地表面的分布以及美国西部类似表面的尘埃生产和释放的经验分析中得出，这些灰尘释放估算将通过从土壤中进行新的灰尘测量，并通过使用便携式现场风蚀实验实验室来评估土壤粉尘通量的新现场测量。

项目成果

Late Quaternary aeolian environments, luminescence chronology and climate change for the Monahans dune field, Winkler County, West Texas, USA

美国西德克萨斯州温克勒县莫纳汉斯沙丘场的晚第四纪风环境、发光年代学和气候变化

• DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2022.100828
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Aeolian Research
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Forman, Steven L.;Tew-Todd, Victoria;Mayhack, Connor;Marín, Liliana;Wiest, Logan A.;Money, Griffin
• 通讯作者: Money, Griffin

Evaluating Landscape Degradation Along Climatic Gradients During the 1930s Dust Bowl Drought From Panchromatic Historical Aerial Photographs, United States Great Plains

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2018.00153
• 发表时间: 2018-10-12
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Bolles, Kasey C.;Forman, Steven L.
• 通讯作者: Forman, Steven L.

Deconstructing aeolian landscapes

解构风沙景观

• DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2018.11.038
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: CATENA
• 影响因子: 6.2
• 作者: Barrineau, Patrick;Dobreva, Iliyana;Bishop, Michael P.;Houser, Chris;Forman, Steven L.
• 通讯作者: Forman, Steven L.

Meteorological catalysts of dust events and particle source dynamics of affected soils during the 1930s Dust Bowl drought, Southern High Plains, USA

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2019.100216
• 发表时间: 2019-09
• 期刊: Anthropocene
• 影响因子: 3.6
• 作者: K. Bolles;Mark Sweeney;S. Forman

Contemporary and future dust sources and emission fluxes from gypsum- and quartz-dominated eolian systems, New Mexico and Texas, USA

美国新墨西哥州和德克萨斯州以石膏和石英为主的风成系统的当代和未来灰尘源和排放通量

• DOI: 10.1130/g49488.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Geology
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: Sweeney, Mark R.;Forman, Steven L.;McDonald, Eric V.
• 通讯作者: McDonald, Eric V.