P2C2: Extratropical Mechanisms, Land-Surface Properties, and Seasonal Precipitation Processes on Saharan Rainfall and Simulation of the African Humid Period

P2C2：撒哈拉降雨的温带机制、地表特性和季节性降水过程以及非洲湿润期的模拟

• 批准号: 1602956
• 负责人: Christopher Poulsen
• 金额: $ 33.1万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-01 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1602956&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: P2C2; Extratropical; Mechanisms; Land; Surface

This project generally aims to develop an understanding of seasonal non-monsoon processes in order to quantify their contribution to climate change in northern Africa. Specifically, the research aims to provide insights into the relative contributions of the West African Monsoon (WAM), extratropical cyclones, Mediterranean cold air surges, and tropical plumes to African Humid Period (AHP) rainfall (~14,800 - 5,000 years Before Present. At millennial timescales, northern Africa experienced dramatic climate and environmental change. During the early to mid-Holocene AHP, the world's largest present-day hot desert, the Sahara, received abundant rainfall and supported widespread lakes, wetlands, and vegetation. Given the critical role of the present-day Sahara in Earth's radiation budget and its influence on Sahel rainfall, global mineral dust concentrations, biogeochemical cycles, and tropical cyclogenesis, climate variability in the Sahara, such as that observed during the Holocene, has profound impacts on the global climate system. By evaluating the contribution of these processes to AHP rainfall, the research will assist in interpreting the sources of moisture recorded in proxy records from the Sahara-Arabian desert belt which are currently ambiguous because they lie near the border of the tropical monsoon and mid-latitude rainfall regimes. An assessment of the impact of the new dynamic soil albedo scheme within the Community Earth System Model (CESM) will offer tangible insights for climate model development and improved simulation of the AHP. The development of an objective algorithm for the detection of tropical plumes within general circulation models will be made publicly available and could be used to study the processes that influence tropical plume events across the globe in past, present, and future climates.The Broader Impacts involve the potential for increasing the pipeline of underrepresented minority (URM) students into the earth sciences through our participation in the University of Michigan (U-M) Earth Camp. Earth Camp is a residential camp for early-career, high-school students from the Detroit-area that educates them about the earth sciences and careers in the earth sciences. The U-M Earth Camp has consisted of a single summer experience, but is expanding to a multi-summer camp in order to increase the odds that students will study earth sciences in college. As part of our participation in Earth Camp, the participants in this project will develop and instruct a one-day atmospheric science and climate component to the first summer experience in Ann Arbor, MI and create a four-day component for the second summer experience at the U-M field station in Wyoming. In addition to broadening URM participation in the earth sciences, this project will also support the training and career-development of a young scientist and at least one undergraduate student.

该项目通常旨在建立对季节性非季风过程的理解，以量化其对北非气候变化的贡献。 具体而言，该研究的目的是提供对西非季风（WAM），冬季气旋，地中海冷空气的相对贡献的见解，以及对非洲潮湿时期（AHP）降雨量（〜14,800-5,000年）（〜14,800-5,000年）（在北部时期，北部时期的情况下，都会遇到了少年的情况和环境变化。世界上最大的炎热沙漠，撒哈拉沙漠，获得了大量的降雨，并支持了广泛的湖泊，湿地和植被。全球气候系统通过评估这些过程对AHP降雨的贡献，该研究将有助于解释撒哈拉沙漠沙漠带的代理记录中记录的水分来源，这些水分目前是模棱两可的，因为它们位于热带季风和中型降雨方案附近。评估新的动态土壤反照率方案在社区地球系统模型（CESM）中的影响将为气候模型开发和改善AHP的模拟提供切实见解。 The development of an objective algorithm for the detection of tropical plumes within general circulation models will be made publicly available and could be used to study the processes that influence tropical plume events across the globe in past, present, and future climates.The Broader Impacts involve the potential for increasing the pipeline of underrepresented minority (URM) students into the earth sciences through our participation in the University of Michigan (U-M) Earth Camp. Earth Camp是来自底特律地区的早期医生，高中生的住宅营地，该训练营向他们介绍了地球科学中的地球科学和职业。 U-M地球营地包括一个夏季的经验，但正在扩展到多夏营，以增加学生在大学学习地球科学的几率。作为我们参加地球营地的一部分，该项目的参与者将开发并指导一日大气科学和气候组成部分，以在密歇根州安阿伯市的第一个夏季体验中，并为怀俄明州U-M Field Station的第二个夏季体验创造了为期四天的组成部分。除了扩大URM参与地球科学外，该项目还将支持对年轻科学家和至少一名本科生的培训和职业发展。