Carbon Cycling in Carbonate-Dominated Benthic Ecosystems: Eddy Covariance Hydrogen Ion and Oxygen Fluxes

以碳酸盐为主的底栖生态系统中的碳循环：涡流协方差氢离子和氧通量

• 批准号: 1657727
• 负责人: Matthew Long
• 金额: $ 52.39万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-02-01 至 2021-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1657727&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Carbon; Cycling; Carbonate; Dominated; Benthic

Chemical and biological processes that occur in and on the seafloor can create chemical exchange of elements with seawater and make significant contributions to carbon and nutrient cycling in shallow coastal systems. However, these processes are exceedingly difficult to measure directly in the ocean, with no satisfactory methods currently available to quantify their full impact. The researchers undertaking this project have developed a unique, field instrument referred to as the Eddy Covariance H+ and O2 Exchange System (ECHOES). These novel measurements of hydrogen ion (H+) and oxygen (O2) exchange between the seafloor and the overlying seawater will allow unique, direct evaluation of the important linked biological and chemical reactions. Data from ECHOES will transform understanding of the potentially critical contribution of seafloor processes to the resilience of coastal ecosystems experiencing rapid changes in seawater chemistry. Results from this project will provide critical data for improved models of the consequences of coastal acidification. Additionally, this project will fund an early career scientist and the mentorship of undergraduate students in ocean science research through the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute's Summer Student Fellowship Program.Laboratory experiments have successfully examined the benthic response of individual organisms and chemical reactions to stress related to changing seawater chemistry but the integrated response of intact ecosystems has been very difficult to quantify due to unsatisfactory methods for in situ measurements of the required suite of biogeochemical fluxes. This deployment of ECHOES at a variety of carbonate-dominated seafloor sites in Bermuda is a pioneering effort to simultaneously measure net community production (NCP) and net community calcification (NCC). The study will focus on traditionally difficult-to-study systems including complex reefs, vertical seagrass canopies, and bare permeable sediments, evaluating diel variability, patchiness, and the impact of upstream fluxes on downstream ecosystems. Important biogeochemical parameters (e.g. pH, CO2, O2, alkalinity, etc.) in these productive shallow environments can experience daily fluctuations over a greater dynamic range than 100-year model projections for the open ocean due to increasing atmospheric CO2. Therefore, the novel field data generated by this research will help define the potentially critical and heretofore ill-defined role for shallow, productive carbonate sediments in predictive models of ecosystem response to ocean acidification.

海底和海底上发生的化学和生物过程可以与海水建立化学交换元素，并为浅沿海系统中的碳和营养循环做出重大贡献。但是，这些过程极为难以直接在海洋中进行测量，目前没有令人满意的方法来量化它们的全部影响。从事该项目的研究人员开发了一种独特的现场工具，称为涡流协方差H+和O2交换系统（Echoes）。这些新型氢离子（H+）和氧（O2）交换之间的新型测量值将允许对重要的联系生物学和化学反应进行独特的直接评估。回声的数据将改变对海底过程对沿海生态系统的弹性的潜在关键贡献的理解，这些沿海生态系统经历了海水化学的快速变化。该项目的结果将为改进沿海酸化后果的模型提供关键数据。 此外，该项目将资助一名早期的职业科学家，并通过伍兹孔海洋学研究所的夏季学生研究金计划在海洋科学研究中的指导。工厂实验成功地检查了单个生物体的底栖底栖响应，化学反应和对压力的化学反应与与更改的量化相关的不困难的量化对量的不可能构成的量子，但对Intact for nortation for Notive tostive whodive whodept tornative whodive whodept tornative whodive whodept tornative a vartive a vartive a vantift a vortive a vantif的量构成了对成真效果的影响。所需的生物地球化学通量套件。在百慕大各种碳酸盐主导的海底地点的回声部署是一项开创性的努力，旨在同时衡量净社区生产（NCP）和净社区钙化（NCC）。这项研究将集中于传统上难以研究的系统，包括复杂的礁石，垂直海草檐篷和裸露的渗透沉积物，评估DIEL的可变性，斑点以及上游通量对下游生态系统的影响。在这些生产浅的环境中，重要的生物地球化学参数（例如pH，二氧化碳，O2，碱度等）可以在大气二氧化碳增加而在开放海洋的100年模型预测中每天的波动范围更大。因此，这项研究产生的新现场数据将有助于定义浅层，生产性碳酸盐沉积物的潜在关键和迄今为止未定义的作用，这在生态系统对海洋酸化的预测模型中。

项目成果

Closing the oxygen mass balance in shallow coastal ecosystems

关闭浅海沿海生态系统中的氧气质量平衡

• DOI: 10.1002/lno.11248
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Long, Matthew H.;Rheuban, Jennie E.;McCorkle, Daniel C.;Burdige, David J.;Zimmerman, Richard C.
• 通讯作者: Zimmerman, Richard C.

Automated classification of three-dimensional reconstructions of coral reefs using convolutional neural networks

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230671
• 发表时间: 2020-03-24
• 期刊: PLOS ONE
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Hopkinson, Brian M.;King, Andrew C.;Bhandarkar, Suchendra M.
• 通讯作者: Bhandarkar, Suchendra M.

Aquatic Biogeochemical Eddy Covariance Fluxes in the Presence of Waves

波浪存在下的水生生物地球化学涡度协方差通量

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jc016637
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: Long, Matthew H.

Taxon‐specific primary production rates on coral reefs in the Florida Keys

佛罗里达群岛珊瑚礁的分类单元特定初级生产率

• DOI: 10.1002/lno.11627
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Owen, Daniel P.;Long, Matthew H.;Fitt, William K.;Hopkinson, Brian M.
• 通讯作者: Hopkinson, Brian M.