Rethinking carbonate diagenesis: clues to past carbon cycling from an overlooked carbon sink

重新思考碳酸盐成岩作用：从被忽视的碳汇中寻找过去碳循环的线索

基本信息

批准号：
NE/L011050/1
负责人：
Sarah Greene
金额：
$ 51.79万
依托单位：
University of Bristol
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FL011050%2F1
关键词：
Rethinking carbonate diagenesis clues past

项目摘要

Over geological timescales carbon is recycled through the atmosphere, the biosphere, the ocean, and even gets incorporated into sedimentary rock; this movement of carbon between reservoirs is colloquially called the 'carbon cycle.' Carbon in the rock record can be preserved as organic (biological) molecules or inorganic molecules of calcium carbonate, also known as limestone. By studying the chemical differences between the carbon in these organic and inorganic carbon compounds, we can reconstruct aspects of the history of life, past changes in climate, and even the history of the oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere.Recently, we have recognised that the way we read geologic history may be vastly influenced by a third type of carbon in the rock record. 'Diagenetic carbonate' is made of the same mineral as limestone, but forms from decomposed organic carbon. Its carbon, therefore, can be more chemically similar to the organic carbon from which it forms. A better understanding of the amount of carbon stored as diagenetic carbonate during earth's history could fundamentally change the answers to questions relating to past oxygen levels and past climate changes. Indeed, diagenetic carbonate certainly seems to be more common in the rock record than it is in the modern ocean - for example much of the limestone at Britain's most popular fossil tourism sites is diagenetic carbonate, including parts of the Dorset, Somerset, Yorkshire, and Glamorgan coastlines. Unfortunately, our understanding of the production of diagenetic carbonate during various geologic periods is in its infancy. The formation of diagenetic carbonate is governed by the interactions of many different chemical processes in the ocean sediment. Therefore, to decipher when, why, and how much diagenetic carbonate is produced under different environmental and oceanic conditions, I will use state of the art computer modelling to answer these questions. In light of the resulting calculations, I will be able to reinterpret aspects of past climates, abrupt climate change and the history of the oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere.In addition to this, I will also be conducting field work at sites with abundant diagenetic carbonate (including those on the Somerset and Yorkshire coasts) and measuring the chemistry of the diagenetic carbonates. With this information, the computer models I use will then be able to rewind the sedimentary record to decipher what kinds of environmental factors led to the formation of these diagenetic carbonates. The Somerset coast contains the records of a mass extinction and the Yorkshire coast the records of a time when the ocean was extremely low in oxygen. The information that the diagenetic carbonates provide about the past environments will helps us unravel the causes and consequences of these past episodes of rapid climate change. This new and exciting method to learn about the past from diagenetic carbonate, an untapped archive of past climates, can then be applied to all sorts of other episodes of climate change in Earth history.This fellowship answers a call in the field of palaeoclimate science for interdisciplinarity. We can learn much more by combining the power of modelling with exciting new field and laboratory observations. I have designed a fellowship research plan which integrates and augments my skills in field and lab geology as well as climate modelling, and assembled a cast of collaborators who are world leaders in their respective fields. This project will serve as a model to geoscientists studying the history of life and climate for how modelling and data approaches can be combined in a new, powerful way.

在地质时尺度上，碳在大气，生物圈，海洋中被回收，甚至被整合到沉积岩中。碳水化合物之间碳的这种运动被称为“碳循环”。岩石记录中的碳可以保存为碳酸钙的有机（生物）分子或无机分子，也称为石灰石。通过研究这些有机和无机碳化合物中碳之间的化学差异，我们可以重建生命史的各个方面，过去的气候变化，甚至是地球大气中的氧合历史的历史。 “成岩碳酸盐”由与石灰石相同的矿物质制成，但由分解的有机碳形成。因此，它的碳在化学上可能与形成的有机碳更相似。更好地理解地球历史上存储为成岩碳酸盐的碳量可以从根本上改变与过去的氧气水平和过去气候变化有关的问题的答案。的确，在摇滚记录中，成岩成岩碳酸盐似乎比现代海洋更为普遍 - 例如，英国最受欢迎的化石旅游网站上的大部分石灰石都是成岩碳酸盐，包括多塞特郡，萨默塞特郡，约克郡，约克郡和格拉莫甘海岸线。不幸的是，我们对各个地质时期内的成岩碳酸盐产生的理解仍处于起步阶段。成岩碳酸盐的形成受海洋沉积物中许多不同化学过程的相互作用的控制。因此，要在不同的环境和海洋条件下破译何时，为什么，原因以及多少成岩碳酸盐，我将使用最先进的计算机建模来回答这些问题。鉴于由此产生的计算，我将能够重新解释过去的气候，突然的气候变化和地球大气中氧合的历史。除此之外，我还将在具有丰富的成岩化碳酸盐的地点进行现场工作（包括萨默塞特郡和约克郡海岸的那些）以及测量的化学成分。有了这些信息，我使用的计算机模型将能够倒带沉积记录，以破译哪些环境因素导致这些成岩碳酸盐的形成。萨默塞特海岸包含大规模灭绝的记录，约克郡海岸的记录是海洋极低的氧气。成岩碳酸盐对过去环境提供的信息将有助于我们揭示过去快速气候变化的这些过去发作的原因和后果。这种新的令人兴奋的方法可以从成岩碳酸盐（尚未开发的过去气候的档案档案）中了解过去，然后可以应用于地球历史上其他各种气候变化的情节。该研究金回答了古气候科学领域的呼吁跨学科的呼吁。我们可以通过将建模的力量与令人兴奋的新领域和实验室观察结合在一起来学到更多。我设计了一项奖学金研究计划，该计划将我在现场和实验室地质学以及气候建模方面的技能整合和增强，并组建了一群合作者，这些合作者是各自领域的世界领导者。该项目将成为地球科学家的模型，以研究生活和气候的历史，以如何以一种新的，有力的方式组合建模和数据方法。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

OPTiMAL: a new machine learning approach for GDGT-based palaeothermometry

DOI：
10.5194/cp-2019-60
发表时间：
2019-06
期刊：
Climate of the Past
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
T. Dunkley Jones;Y. Eley;W. Thomson;S. Greene;I. Mandel;K. Edgar;J. Bendle
通讯作者：
T. Dunkley Jones;Y. Eley;W. Thomson;S. Greene;I. Mandel;K. Edgar;J. Bendle

Unravelling the sources of carbon emissions at the onset of Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 1a

DOI：
10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115947
发表时间：
2020-01-15
期刊：
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Adloff, Markus;Greene, Sarah E.;Monteiro, Fanny M.
通讯作者：
Monteiro, Fanny M.

Rapid ocean acidification and protracted Earth system recovery followed the end-Cretaceous Chicxulub impact

DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1905989116
发表时间：
2019-11-05
期刊：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Henehan, Michael J.;Ridgwell, Andy;Hull, Pincelli M.
通讯作者：
Hull, Pincelli M.

Early Cenozoic Decoupling of Climate and Carbonate Compensation Depth Trends