Collaborative Research: Toward an Improved Understanding of Blue Carbon: The Role of Seagrasses in Sequestering CO2

合作研究：加深对蓝碳的理解：海草在二氧化碳封存中的作用

• 批准号: 1633951
• 负责人: Matthew Long
• 金额: $ 31.17万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-01 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1633951&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Toward; Improved; Understanding

This project will develop a quantitative understanding of the factors controlling carbon cycling in seagrass meadows that will improve our ability to quantify their potential as blue (ocean) carbon sinks and predict their future response to climate change, including sea level rise, ocean warming and ocean acidification. The research will advance a new generation of bio-optical-geochemical models and tools (ECHOES) that have the potential to be transform our ability to measure and predict carbon dynamics in shallow water systems. The award will also be used to train the next generation of young scientists by supporting the research of an early career scientist, two Ph.D. students, at least 2 undergraduate students, and at least two interns from the Ocean Lakes High School (Va. Beach) Math & Science Academy, under the combined supervision of the PIs. All students will participate in experimental design, implementation and data analysis and will present the findings of their research at major international scientific meetings each year as well as publishing their results in top-ranked peer reviewed journals. PI Zimmerman maintains an ongoing outreach collaboration with the Virginia Aquarium & Marine Science Center to facilitate the development of educational interpretation and programming from this project that will be specifically targeted to the 700,000 Aquarium visitors annually. The physical setting of the Aquarium will be used as a forum to engage the visitors in dialogue about the broader issue of climate change with Aquarium staff and volunteers. Zimmerman is collaborating with the Virginia Aquarium to help design and implement additional educational programs, resources, and exhibits including the development a new Chesapeake Bay tank that will house living seagrasses. The results from this project will be incorporated into Virginia Aquarium's year-long Mentoring Young Scientists program and as standards-based educational materials for use at the Aquarium in programs for schools, scouts and general audiences. At various times throughout project, the PIs and students will participate in the Virginia Aquarium's Speaking of Science lecture series, which are free to general public to help connect our research with the local community.The study will utilize cutting-edge methods for evaluating oxygen and carbon exchange (Eulerian and eddy covariance techniques) combined with biomass, sedimentary, and water column measurements to develop and test numerical models that can be scaled up to quantify the dynamics of carbon cycling and sequestration in seagrass meadows in temperate and tropical environments of the West Atlantic continental margin that encompass both siliciclastic and carbonate sediments. The comparative analysis across latitudinal and geochemical gradients will address the relative contributions of different species and geochemical processes to better constrain the role of seagrass carbon sequestration to global biogeochemical cycles. Specifically the research will quantify: (i) the relationship between C stocks and standing biomass for different species with different life histories and structural complexity, (ii) the influence of above- and below-ground metabolism on carbon exchange, and (iii) the influence of sediment type (siliciclastic vs. carbonate) on Blue Carbon storage. Seagrass biomass, growth rates, carbon content and isotope composition (above- and below-ground), organic carbon deposition and export will be measured. Sedimentation rates and isotopic composition of PIC, POC, and iron sulfide precipitates, as well as porewater concentrations of dissolved sulfide, CO2, alkalinity and salinity will be determined in order to develop a bio-optical-geochemical model that will predict the impact of seagrass metabolism on sediment geochemical processes that control carbon cycling in shallow waters. Model predictions will be validated against direct measurements of DIC and O2 exchange in seagrass meadows, enabling the investigators to scale-up the density-dependent processes to predict the impacts of seagrass distribution and density on carbon cycling and sequestration across the submarine landscape.

该项目将对控制海草草地中碳循环的因素有定量理解，这将提高我们量化其作为蓝色（海洋）碳汇的潜力的能力，并预测其对气候变化的未来反应，包括海平面上升，海洋升温和海洋酸化。这项研究将推进新一代的生物光学地球化学模型和工具（回声），这些模型和工具（回声）有可能改变我们在浅水系统中测量和预测碳动态的能力。该奖项还将通过支持早期职业科学家两位博士学位的研究来培训下一代年轻科学家。在PIS的联合监督下，学生，至少有2名本科生，以及来自海洋湖高中（Va。Beach）数学与科学学院的至少两名实习生。所有学生将参加实验设计，实施和数据分析，并将每年在主要的国际科学会议上介绍他们的研究结果，并在排名第一的同行评审期刊上发布其结果。皮齐默尔曼（Pi Zimmerman）与弗吉尼亚水族馆和海洋科学中心（Virginia Aquarium＆Marine Science Center）保持了持续的宣传合作，以促进该项目的教育解释和编程开发，该项目每年专门针对700,000个水族馆游客。水族馆的物理环境将被用作论坛，让访客与水族馆工作人员和志愿者进行更广泛的气候变化问题对话。齐默尔曼（Zimmerman）正在与弗吉尼亚水族馆（Virginia Aquarium）合作，以帮助设计和实施其他教育计划，资源和展览，包括开发项目，新的切萨皮克湾坦克（Chesapeake Bay Tank）将容纳居住的海草。该项目的结果将纳入弗吉尼亚水族馆为期一年的年轻科学家计划中，并将其作为基于标准的教育材料，用于在学校，童子军和一般受众的计划中使用。 At various times throughout project, the PIs and students will participate in the Virginia Aquarium's Speaking of Science lecture series, which are free to general public to help connect our research with the local community.The study will utilize cutting-edge methods for evaluating oxygen and carbon exchange (Eulerian and eddy covariance techniques) combined with biomass, sedimentary, and water column measurements to develop and test numerical models that can be scaled up to quantify the西大西洋大陆边缘温带和热带环境中海草草地中碳循环和隔离的动力学，涵盖了硅酸盐和碳酸盐沉积物。跨纬度和地球化学梯度之间的比较分析将介绍不同物种和地球化学过程的相对贡献，以更好地限制海草碳螯合对全球生物地球化学循环的作用。具体的研究将量化：（i）具有不同寿命和结构复杂性的不同物种的C种群与站立生物量之间的关系，（ii）地上和地下代谢对碳交换的影响，以及（iii）沉积物类型（Siliciclastic vs.碳酸盐）对蓝色碳储存的影响。将测量海草生物量，生长速率，碳含量和同位素组成（地上和下方），有机碳沉积和出口。将确定PIC，POC和铁硫化铁沉淀的沉积速率和同位素组成，以及硫化硫化物，溶解的硫化物，二氧化碳，碱度和盐度的孔浓度，以开发生物光学地球化学模型，该模型将预测海格质代谢对钙化物质流量的影响。模型预测将在海草草地中直接测量DIC和O2交换的直接测量中进行验证，从而使研究人员能够扩展密度依赖性过程，以预测海草分布和密度对碳循环和隔离整个潜艇景观的影响。

项目成果

Closing the oxygen mass balance in shallow coastal ecosystems

关闭浅海沿海生态系统中的氧气质量平衡

• DOI: 10.1002/lno.11248
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Long, Matthew H.;Rheuban, Jennie E.;McCorkle, Daniel C.;Burdige, David J.;Zimmerman, Richard C.
• 通讯作者: Zimmerman, Richard C.

Ebullition of oxygen from seagrasses under supersaturated conditions

• DOI: 10.1002/lno.11299
• 发表时间: 2019-08-08
• 期刊: LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Long, Matthew H.;Sutherland, Kevin;Zimmerman, Richard C.
• 通讯作者: Zimmerman, Richard C.

Editorial: Canopies in Aquatic Ecosystems: Integrating Form, Function, and Biophysical Processes

社论：水生生态系统中的冠层：整合形式、功能和生物物理过程

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00697
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Samson, Julia E.;Ghisalberti, Marco;Adams, Matthew Philip;Reidenbach, Matthew A.;Long, Matthew H.;Shavit, Uri;Pasour, Virginia B.
• 通讯作者: Pasour, Virginia B.

The challenges of detecting and attributing ocean acidification impacts on marine ecosystems

• DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsaa094
• 发表时间: 2020-12-01
• 期刊: ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Doo, Steve S.;Kealoha, Andrea;Busch, D. Shallin
• 通讯作者: Busch, D. Shallin